September, 30th 2009
The Period of English Literature
By: Eugenia Ines (0802894)
English Literature as we know is a literary works written in the English Language, whether is written by English writers or non English writer. In other words, English literature has so many kinds and dialect of English spoken around the world. In academic world, this subject is become one of the programs practicing English studies and learnt by the advance students.
However, periods in English literature are named by rules, historical events, intellectual or political or religious movements, or artistic styles. Because of that, most of literary periods sometimes have multiple names. For the example is in the later 17th century the baroque era is come from word “baroque” which is an intracable term from art critism, though it may usefully be applicable to some writers as well. Not just the name that has multiple name, but the dates may very too. In recent histories of literature and the latest Norton Anthology of English Literature offer the latest examples of terms applied to literary periods. So, it just better for us to follow the rules.
Here are the table that show the period of English literature it self:
Time Span, Terms, Movements, Examples
600-1200 Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Beowulf
1200-1500 Middle English Geoffrey Chaucer
1500-1660 The English Renaissance
1500-1558 Tudor Period Humanist Era Thomas More, John Skelton
1558-1603 Elizabethan Period High Renaissance Edmund Spenser,
Sir Philip Sidney,
William Shakespeare
1603-1625 Jacobean Period Mannerist Style (1590-1640) other styles: Metaphysical Poets; Devotional Poets Shakespeare, John Donne, George Herbert,
Emilia Lanyer
1625-1649 Caroline Period John Ford, John Milton
1649-1660 The Commonwealth &The Protectorate Baroque Style, and later, Rococo Style Milton, Andrew Marvell, Thomas Hobbes
1660-1700 The Restoration John Dryden
1700-1800 The Eighteenth Century The Enlightenment; Neoclassical Period;
The Augustan Age Alexander Pope,
Jonathan Swift,
Samuel Johnson
1785-1830 Romanticism The Age of Revolution William Wordsworth,
S.T. Coleridge, Jane Austen,
the Brontës
1830-1901 Victorian Period Early, Middle and Late Victorian Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Robert Browning, Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1901-1960 Modern Period The Edwardian Era
(1901-1910);
The Georgian Era
(1910-1914) G.M. Hopkins,
H.G. Wells, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence,
T.S. Eliot
1960- Postmodern and Contemporary Period Ted Hughes, Doris Lessing, John Fowles, Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt
(source: home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html)
Old English (Anglo-Saxon) (600-1200)
In the early Middle Ages, appeared the first literary works in English which is a text titled Cædmon's Hymn. However, in the early English culture, the oral tradition was very strong and most of literary works were written to be performed. Epic poems were very popular at that time, like Beowulf . The first written literature dates was dedicated for Christian people and founded by St. Augustine of Canterbury.
Middle English (1200-1500)
In this period, a number of texts from various literary genres have been introduced. The long list includes lyric poetry and epic “long poems” with religious context, such as Piers Plowman (1367-70). The romance was also became the new genre in this period.
The English Renaissance (1500-1660)
The Reformation inspired the production of vernacular liturgy which led to the Book of Common Prayer, a lasting influence on literary English language. The poetry, drama, and prose produced under Queen Elizabeth I and King James I constitute what is today labeled as Early modern (or Renaissance).
Elizabethan Era (1558-1603)
In this period, drama was growing so fast, this drama then become the beginning to foster from the old mystery and miracle plays of the Middle Ages, such as Gorboduc by Sackville & Norton and The Spanish Tragedy by Kyd that was to provide much material for Hamlet. William Shakespeare became so popular in this period as a poet and playwright as yet unsurpassed that he wrote what have been considered his greatest plays: Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, and The Tempest, a tragicomedy that inscribes within the main drama a brilliant pageant to the new king.
In this period also Shakespeare popularized the English sonnet which made significant changes to Petrarch's model. The most important poets of this era include Edmund Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney. Elizabeth herself, a product of Renaissance humanism, produced occasional poems such as On Monsieur’s Departure.
Jacobean literature (1603-1625)
This era began after Shakespeare’s death, the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson was the main actor literary figure of the Jacobean era (The reign of James I). However, Jonson introduced the new genre of literature such as the theory of humors. Jonson is a master of style, and a brilliant satirist. Besides Shakespeare, whose figure towers over the early 1600s, the major poets of the early 17th century included John Donne and the other Metaphysical poets. Influenced by continental Baroque, and taking as his subject matter both Christian mysticism and eroticism, metaphysical poetry uses unconventional or "unpoetic" figures.
Caroline Period and the Commonwealth (1625-1660)
The years of the mid-17th century, during the Charles I monetary Commonwealth and Protectorate, found a flourishing of political literature in English. The literary works in this era was all about propaganda, to reform the nation.
The Restoration (1660-1700)
Paradise Lost and the Earl of Rochester's Sodom, the high spirited sexual comedy of The Country Wife and the moral wisdom of Pilgrim's Progress were the most popular Restoration literature. The satire became the biggest and the largest literary works in this period. In general, publication of satire was done anonymously. Prose in the Restoration period is dominated by Christian religious writing, but the Restoration also saw the beginnings of two genres that would dominate later periods: fiction and journalism. However, long fiction and fictional biographies began to distinguish themselves from other forms in England during the Restoration period.
The Eighteenth Century (1700-1800)
During the Age of Sensibility, literature reflected the worldview of the Age of Enlightenment (or Age of Reason) that approach to religious, social, political, and economic issues that promoted a secular view of the world and a general sense of progress and perfectibility. This era led by the philosophers who were inspired by the discoveries of the previous century (Newton) and the writings of Descartes, Locke and Bacon.
Romanticism (1785-1830)
The most popular novelist in this era was Sir Walter Scott, whose his great literary works had inspired a generations of painters, composers and also writers in Europe. His life time work was titled “Ivanhoe”.
Victorian Period (1830-1901)
The novel became the most leading works of literary in this era. The one of the most popular novelist in this era was Charles Dickens who presented the new trend of serial publication. Dickens writes about London life the struggles of the poor, but in a good-humored style.
Modern Period (1901-1960)
Literary modernism reached its popularity peak between the first and second world wars, and the movement appeared in the mid to late ninetieth century. Perhaps the most important figure in the modernist movement was the America poet Ezra Pound.
Postmodern and Contemporary Period (1960-…)
Actually many people describe the postmodern literature in post world war II. It was still against the modernist period. The important writers behind these literary works such as Henry Miller, William S. Burroughs, Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut, Hunter S. Thompson, Truman Capote, Thomas Pynchon.
References:
home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html
Mario Klaren, An Introducing to Literary Studies (1998; English)
Rabu, 30 September 2009
Periods of English Literature
Name : Citra Rahmi Ramadhani
Student id : 0807345
Class : dik b 08
Literature
Literature is art of written works. Literature comes from the word "littera" which means letter. The forms of literature are poetry, prose, essays, fictions, drama.
Periods of English literature
Old English period (5th-11th century)
Literature produced from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror.
During the Old English Period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth century, poetry written in the tribes Anglo-Saxon or Old English appeared. One of the best eighth century Old English pieces of literature is Beowulf, a great Germanic epic poem. Two poets of the Old English Period who wrote on biblical and religious themes were Caedmon and Cynewulf.
Middle English period (12th-15th century)
Literature produced in the four and a half centuries between the Norman conquest of 1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language derived from the dialect of the London area, and people called it ”modern English” of the fourteenth century, tribes literature consisted of religious writings. The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first great age of secular literature. The best of these writings are Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur.
While the English Renaissance began with the ascent of the House of Tudor to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt.
Renaissance (16th-17th century)
While the English Renaissance began with the ascent of the House of Tudor to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt. In addition, the English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
Augustan age (18th century)
Come from the brilliant literary period of Vergil and Ovid under the Roman emperor Augustus. In English literature, the Augustan Age, 1700 - 1745, refers to literature with the characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. The best writers of the Augustan Age include Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe, and the "novel of character," Pamela, by Samuel Richardson in 1740.
During the Age of Sensibility, literature reflected the worldview of Enlightenment and began to emphasize instinct and feeling, rather than judgment and restraint. A growing sympathy for the Middle Ages during the Age of Sensibility sparked an interest in medieval ballads and folk literature. Another name for this period is the Age of Johnson because the dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson and his literary and intellectual circle. This period also produced some of the greatest early novels of the English language, including Richardson's Clarissa (1748) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1749).
Romantic period (first half of 19th century)
Literature began in 18th century. In general, Romantic literature can be characterized by personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its use many of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered innovative based on their beliefs that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron.
During the Romantic Period that Gothic literature was born. Gothic literature are dark and gloomy and characters and situations that are fantastic, grotesque, wild, savage, mysterious, and often melodramatic. Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Anne Radcliffe and Mary Shelley.
Victorian age (second half of 19th century)
Began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and until her death in 1901. Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades, the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into "early Victorian" and "late Victorian." In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy.
Within the Victorian Period, two other literary movements, that of The Pre-Raphaelites (1848-1860) and the movement of Aestheticism and Decadence (1880-1900), gained prominence.
In 1848, a group of English artists, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, formed the "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood." It was the aim of this group to return painting to a style of truthfulness, simplicity, and religious devotion that had reigned prior to Raphael and the high Italian Renaissance. Rossetti and his literary circle, which included his sister Christina, incorporated these ideals into their literature, and the result was that of the literary Pre-Raphaelites.
Modernism (first to second world war)
British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The authors of the Modern Period have experiment with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Postmodernism (1960s and 1970s)
Following World War II (1939-1945), the Postmodern Period of British Literature developed. Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms.
While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still stay in the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be expanded.
The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the exact characteristics, scope, and importance of postmodern literature. Henry Miller, William S. Burroughs, Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut, Hunter S. Thompson, Truman Capote, Thomas Pynchon
Reference:
www.wikipedia.com
Klarer Mario (London: An Introduction to Literary Studies,1998)
Student id : 0807345
Class : dik b 08
Literature
Literature is art of written works. Literature comes from the word "littera" which means letter. The forms of literature are poetry, prose, essays, fictions, drama.
Periods of English literature
Old English period (5th-11th century)
Literature produced from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror.
During the Old English Period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth century, poetry written in the tribes Anglo-Saxon or Old English appeared. One of the best eighth century Old English pieces of literature is Beowulf, a great Germanic epic poem. Two poets of the Old English Period who wrote on biblical and religious themes were Caedmon and Cynewulf.
Middle English period (12th-15th century)
Literature produced in the four and a half centuries between the Norman conquest of 1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language derived from the dialect of the London area, and people called it ”modern English” of the fourteenth century, tribes literature consisted of religious writings. The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first great age of secular literature. The best of these writings are Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur.
While the English Renaissance began with the ascent of the House of Tudor to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt.
Renaissance (16th-17th century)
While the English Renaissance began with the ascent of the House of Tudor to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt. In addition, the English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
Augustan age (18th century)
Come from the brilliant literary period of Vergil and Ovid under the Roman emperor Augustus. In English literature, the Augustan Age, 1700 - 1745, refers to literature with the characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. The best writers of the Augustan Age include Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe, and the "novel of character," Pamela, by Samuel Richardson in 1740.
During the Age of Sensibility, literature reflected the worldview of Enlightenment and began to emphasize instinct and feeling, rather than judgment and restraint. A growing sympathy for the Middle Ages during the Age of Sensibility sparked an interest in medieval ballads and folk literature. Another name for this period is the Age of Johnson because the dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson and his literary and intellectual circle. This period also produced some of the greatest early novels of the English language, including Richardson's Clarissa (1748) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1749).
Romantic period (first half of 19th century)
Literature began in 18th century. In general, Romantic literature can be characterized by personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its use many of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered innovative based on their beliefs that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron.
During the Romantic Period that Gothic literature was born. Gothic literature are dark and gloomy and characters and situations that are fantastic, grotesque, wild, savage, mysterious, and often melodramatic. Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Anne Radcliffe and Mary Shelley.
Victorian age (second half of 19th century)
Began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and until her death in 1901. Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades, the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into "early Victorian" and "late Victorian." In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy.
Within the Victorian Period, two other literary movements, that of The Pre-Raphaelites (1848-1860) and the movement of Aestheticism and Decadence (1880-1900), gained prominence.
In 1848, a group of English artists, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, formed the "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood." It was the aim of this group to return painting to a style of truthfulness, simplicity, and religious devotion that had reigned prior to Raphael and the high Italian Renaissance. Rossetti and his literary circle, which included his sister Christina, incorporated these ideals into their literature, and the result was that of the literary Pre-Raphaelites.
Modernism (first to second world war)
British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The authors of the Modern Period have experiment with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Postmodernism (1960s and 1970s)
Following World War II (1939-1945), the Postmodern Period of British Literature developed. Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms.
While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still stay in the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be expanded.
The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both a continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the exact characteristics, scope, and importance of postmodern literature. Henry Miller, William S. Burroughs, Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut, Hunter S. Thompson, Truman Capote, Thomas Pynchon
Reference:
www.wikipedia.com
Klarer Mario (London: An Introduction to Literary Studies,1998)
Periods of English Literature
by Asri Nur Rakhman
As we know that periods of literature is the time period when the literature occurred in our society and had grown until now. There were so many era in the English literature history.
Periods in literature are named for rulers, historical events, intellectual or political or religious movements, or artistic styles. Most literary periods therefore have multiple names. What's worse, some of these names are debated.
Here are the chronology from the history of English literature.
The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period
The old English occurred during the invasion of Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) federation in 5th century AD to the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. Literature in England first time discovered in Latin Middle Ages. The most important Latin literary text in that era is the Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731 AD) by Beda Venerabilis (627-735).
Old English (Anglo-Saxon) is written between the eighth and the eleventh centuries and just very small number the texts that we could find. There’s a n anonymous magic charms, riddles, and poems inside such as “The Seafarer” (c. 9th century), as well as some epic works like the mythological Beowulf (c. 8th century) that based on the history
The Middle English Period (1066-1500)
The Middle English Period began when the standard literary language, derived from the dialect of the London area, became recognizable as "modern English."
Prior to the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular literature consisted primarily of religious writings. The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first great age of secular literature. The most widely known of these writings are Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur.
The English Renaissance started with the ascent of the House of Tudor to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt. English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
The Elizabethan Age of English Literature (1558 – 1603)
In The Elizabethan Age of English Literature, medieval tradition was fused with Renaissance optimism. The major styles of literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age were Lyric poetry, prose, and drama. Some important writers of the Elizabethan Age include William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Edmund Spenser.
The Jacobean Age of English Literature (1603 – 1625).
In this Age the literature became sophisticated, and aware of social abuse and rivalry. The Jacobean Age produced rich prose and drama as well as the King James translation of the Bible. During the Jacobean Age, Shakespeare and Jonson wrote as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton.
The Caroline Age of English Literature (1625 – 1649)
The writers of this age wrote with refinement and elegance. This era produced a circle of poets known as the "Cavalier Poets" and the dramatists of this age were the last to write in the Elizabethan tradition.
The Commonwealth Period
The Commonwealth Period is familiar with the name Puritan Interregnum, of English Literature includes the literature produced during the time of Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. This period develop the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell. In September of 1642, the Puritans closed theatres on moral and religious grounds.
The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785)
The Neoclassical Period of English literature was much influenced by contemporary French literature, which was in the midst of its greatest age. The literature of this time is known for its use of philosophy, reason, scepticism, wit, and refinement. The first great age of English literary criticism was marked by The Neoclassical Period.
The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the Restoration, the
Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility.
The Restoration, 1660 – 1700. Restoration produced an abundance of prose and poetry and the distinctive comedy of manners known as Restoration comedy. It was during the Restoration that John Milton published Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained.
Other major writers of the era include John Dryden, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, and John Locke.
The English Augustan Age (1700 – 1745), refers to literature with the predominant characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. Well-known writers of the Augustan Age include Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe, and the "novel of character," Pamela, by Samuel Richardson in 1740.
During the Age of Sensibility, literature reflected the worldview of Enlightenment and began to emphasize instinct and feeling, rather than judgment and restraint. A growing sympathy for the Middle Ages during the Age of Sensibility sparked an interest in medieval ballads and folk literature. Another name for this period is the Age of Johnson because the dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson and his literary and intellectual circle. This period also produced some of the greatest early novels of the English language, including Richardson's Clarissa (1748) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1749).
The Romantic Period
The Romantic Period of English literature began in the late 18th century and lasted until approximately 1832. In general, Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron.
In the Romantic Period that Gothic literature was born, where the characteristics of gothic are dark and gloomy setting.
The Victorian Period (1837-1901).
In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy.
The Edwardian Period (1901-1914).
In The Edwardian Period, the British Empire was at its height and the wealthy lived lives of materialistic luxury. However, four fifths of the English population lived in squalor. The writings of the Edwardian Period reflect and comment on these social conditions. For example, writers such as George Bernard Shaw and H.G. Wells attacked social injustice and the selfishness of the upper classes. Other writers of the time include William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster.
The Georgian Period (1910-1936).
Many writers of the Edwardian Period continued to write during the Georgian Period. This era also produced a group of poets known as the Georgian poets. These writers, now regarded as minor poets, were published in four anthologies entitled Georgian Poetry, published by Edward Marsh between 1912 and 1922. Georgian poetry tends to focus on rural subject matter and is traditional in technique and form.
The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The authors of the Modern Period have conducted with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Following World War II (1939-1945), the Post-modern Period of British Literature developed. Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms.
While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still fall into the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be reorganized and expanded.
As we know that periods of literature is the time period when the literature occurred in our society and had grown until now. There were so many era in the English literature history.
Periods in literature are named for rulers, historical events, intellectual or political or religious movements, or artistic styles. Most literary periods therefore have multiple names. What's worse, some of these names are debated.
Here are the chronology from the history of English literature.
The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period
The old English occurred during the invasion of Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) federation in 5th century AD to the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. Literature in England first time discovered in Latin Middle Ages. The most important Latin literary text in that era is the Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731 AD) by Beda Venerabilis (627-735).
Old English (Anglo-Saxon) is written between the eighth and the eleventh centuries and just very small number the texts that we could find. There’s a n anonymous magic charms, riddles, and poems inside such as “The Seafarer” (c. 9th century), as well as some epic works like the mythological Beowulf (c. 8th century) that based on the history
The Middle English Period (1066-1500)
The Middle English Period began when the standard literary language, derived from the dialect of the London area, became recognizable as "modern English."
Prior to the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular literature consisted primarily of religious writings. The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first great age of secular literature. The most widely known of these writings are Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur.
The English Renaissance started with the ascent of the House of Tudor to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt. English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
The Elizabethan Age of English Literature (1558 – 1603)
In The Elizabethan Age of English Literature, medieval tradition was fused with Renaissance optimism. The major styles of literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age were Lyric poetry, prose, and drama. Some important writers of the Elizabethan Age include William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Edmund Spenser.
The Jacobean Age of English Literature (1603 – 1625).
In this Age the literature became sophisticated, and aware of social abuse and rivalry. The Jacobean Age produced rich prose and drama as well as the King James translation of the Bible. During the Jacobean Age, Shakespeare and Jonson wrote as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton.
The Caroline Age of English Literature (1625 – 1649)
The writers of this age wrote with refinement and elegance. This era produced a circle of poets known as the "Cavalier Poets" and the dramatists of this age were the last to write in the Elizabethan tradition.
The Commonwealth Period
The Commonwealth Period is familiar with the name Puritan Interregnum, of English Literature includes the literature produced during the time of Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. This period develop the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell. In September of 1642, the Puritans closed theatres on moral and religious grounds.
The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785)
The Neoclassical Period of English literature was much influenced by contemporary French literature, which was in the midst of its greatest age. The literature of this time is known for its use of philosophy, reason, scepticism, wit, and refinement. The first great age of English literary criticism was marked by The Neoclassical Period.
The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the Restoration, the
Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility.
The Restoration, 1660 – 1700. Restoration produced an abundance of prose and poetry and the distinctive comedy of manners known as Restoration comedy. It was during the Restoration that John Milton published Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained.
Other major writers of the era include John Dryden, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, and John Locke.
The English Augustan Age (1700 – 1745), refers to literature with the predominant characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. Well-known writers of the Augustan Age include Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe, and the "novel of character," Pamela, by Samuel Richardson in 1740.
During the Age of Sensibility, literature reflected the worldview of Enlightenment and began to emphasize instinct and feeling, rather than judgment and restraint. A growing sympathy for the Middle Ages during the Age of Sensibility sparked an interest in medieval ballads and folk literature. Another name for this period is the Age of Johnson because the dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson and his literary and intellectual circle. This period also produced some of the greatest early novels of the English language, including Richardson's Clarissa (1748) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1749).
The Romantic Period
The Romantic Period of English literature began in the late 18th century and lasted until approximately 1832. In general, Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron.
In the Romantic Period that Gothic literature was born, where the characteristics of gothic are dark and gloomy setting.
The Victorian Period (1837-1901).
In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy.
The Edwardian Period (1901-1914).
In The Edwardian Period, the British Empire was at its height and the wealthy lived lives of materialistic luxury. However, four fifths of the English population lived in squalor. The writings of the Edwardian Period reflect and comment on these social conditions. For example, writers such as George Bernard Shaw and H.G. Wells attacked social injustice and the selfishness of the upper classes. Other writers of the time include William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster.
The Georgian Period (1910-1936).
Many writers of the Edwardian Period continued to write during the Georgian Period. This era also produced a group of poets known as the Georgian poets. These writers, now regarded as minor poets, were published in four anthologies entitled Georgian Poetry, published by Edward Marsh between 1912 and 1922. Georgian poetry tends to focus on rural subject matter and is traditional in technique and form.
The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The authors of the Modern Period have conducted with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Following World War II (1939-1945), the Post-modern Period of British Literature developed. Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms.
While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still fall into the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be reorganized and expanded.
Periods of English Literature
Periods of English Literature
By: Susi Fitria
(0807334)
Class B
The Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (5th-11th century)
It is the earliest period of English Literature. It is regarded as beginning with the invasion of Anglo-Saxon tribes in the 5th century AD till the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. But however, the true beginnings of literature in England are to be found in The Latin Middle Ages, when monasteries were the main institutions that preserved classical culture.
Among the most important Latin literary text is the Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Beda Venerabilis-731). Another well-known text in this period are “The Seafarer” (about 9th century), “The Wanderer” (about 9th-10 centuries), mythological Beowulf (about 8th century), or The Battle of Maldon (about 1000).
Middle English Period (12th-15th century)
In this period, occurred some rupture in culture and literature. A number of texts from various genres have been preserved. There is a long list of lyric poetry and epic with religious contents such as Piers Plowman (about 1367-70), which has been attributed to William Langland. And there is also a new genre of secular kind which is developed in this period; romance. This genre includes Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (anonymous-14th century) and Le Morte d’Arthur (Thomas malory-1470). It’s indirectly influenced the development of the novel in the 18th century; Cantebury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer-1387), Decamerone (Giovanni Boccaccio-about 1349-51)
The English Renaissance or the Early New English Period (16th-17th century)
This period is focused on the history of the language, and the Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean age (King James), divisions based political rule. This period notably focus on the revival of classical genres, such as epic Faerie Queene (Edmund Spenser-1590; 1596), and the drama with William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and other. Besides the adaption of drama and epic, the English Renaissance also produced independent prose genres, such as romance Euphues (John Lyly-1578) or Arcadia (Philip Sidney-1580). The outstanding literary work of this time was written by John Milton; Paradise Lost (1667) and Paradise Regained (1671).
Augustan Age/ Golden Age/ Neoclassical (18th century)
This period is regarded as independent epoch. In this period, classical literature and literary theory were adapted to suit contemporary culture. Many authors wrote translation, theoretical essays and literary texts in a variety of genres. This period is also became a time to distributed texts, including the development of the novel as a new genre which is marked by Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe-1719), Tom Jones (Henry Fielding-1749), Tristam Shandy (Laurence Sterne-1767) and the introduction of newspaper and literary magazines such as The Taller (1709-11) and The Spectator (1711-14).
The English Romanticism Period (First half of 19th century)
The first edition of the Lyrical Ballads (William Wordsworth-1798) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) is considered as the beginning of this period in which Nature and individual; emotional experience play an important role. The most important representatives of English Romanticism include William Blake (1757-1827), John Keats (1795-1821), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1797-1851).
Victorian Age (Second half of 19th century)
It is represented by Realism and Naturalism. In this period, England was famous for its dramas, including the works of George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950). Charles Dickens (1812-70), William M. Thackeray (1812-70), Charlotte (1816-55) and Emily Bronte (1818-48) and George Elliot (1819-80) are among the outstanding representatives of this era.
Modernism (First to Second World War)
It can be seen as a reaction to the Realist movements of the late 19th century. Modernism discovered innovative narrative techniques such as stream of-consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary Cubism. The main works from this period are Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939) by James Joyce, Mrs Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1972) by Virginia Woolf, Three Lives (Gertrude Stein-1909), The Waste land (T.S. Eliot-1922), and The sound and the Fury(William Faulkner-1929)
Postmodernism (1960 and 1970s)
In Postmodernism, modernist issue are taken up again and adapted in an academic or formalistic way. It develops approaches of Modernism and characterize by narrative techniques with multiple perspective, interwoven strands of plot and experiments in typography. Among the representatives works of this period are Lost in the Funhouse (John Barth-1926), The Crying of lot 49 (Thomas Phynchon-1966), Double or Nothing (Raymond Federman-1971), The French Lieutenant’s Woman (John Fowles-1969), and the drama Waiting for Godot (Samuel Beckett-1952) and Travesties (Tom Stoppards-1974).
Refference:
Klarer, M. 1998. An Introduction to Literary Studies. London: Routledge
By: Susi Fitria
(0807334)
Class B
The Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (5th-11th century)
It is the earliest period of English Literature. It is regarded as beginning with the invasion of Anglo-Saxon tribes in the 5th century AD till the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. But however, the true beginnings of literature in England are to be found in The Latin Middle Ages, when monasteries were the main institutions that preserved classical culture.
Among the most important Latin literary text is the Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Beda Venerabilis-731). Another well-known text in this period are “The Seafarer” (about 9th century), “The Wanderer” (about 9th-10 centuries), mythological Beowulf (about 8th century), or The Battle of Maldon (about 1000).
Middle English Period (12th-15th century)
In this period, occurred some rupture in culture and literature. A number of texts from various genres have been preserved. There is a long list of lyric poetry and epic with religious contents such as Piers Plowman (about 1367-70), which has been attributed to William Langland. And there is also a new genre of secular kind which is developed in this period; romance. This genre includes Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (anonymous-14th century) and Le Morte d’Arthur (Thomas malory-1470). It’s indirectly influenced the development of the novel in the 18th century; Cantebury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer-1387), Decamerone (Giovanni Boccaccio-about 1349-51)
The English Renaissance or the Early New English Period (16th-17th century)
This period is focused on the history of the language, and the Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean age (King James), divisions based political rule. This period notably focus on the revival of classical genres, such as epic Faerie Queene (Edmund Spenser-1590; 1596), and the drama with William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and other. Besides the adaption of drama and epic, the English Renaissance also produced independent prose genres, such as romance Euphues (John Lyly-1578) or Arcadia (Philip Sidney-1580). The outstanding literary work of this time was written by John Milton; Paradise Lost (1667) and Paradise Regained (1671).
Augustan Age/ Golden Age/ Neoclassical (18th century)
This period is regarded as independent epoch. In this period, classical literature and literary theory were adapted to suit contemporary culture. Many authors wrote translation, theoretical essays and literary texts in a variety of genres. This period is also became a time to distributed texts, including the development of the novel as a new genre which is marked by Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe-1719), Tom Jones (Henry Fielding-1749), Tristam Shandy (Laurence Sterne-1767) and the introduction of newspaper and literary magazines such as The Taller (1709-11) and The Spectator (1711-14).
The English Romanticism Period (First half of 19th century)
The first edition of the Lyrical Ballads (William Wordsworth-1798) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) is considered as the beginning of this period in which Nature and individual; emotional experience play an important role. The most important representatives of English Romanticism include William Blake (1757-1827), John Keats (1795-1821), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1797-1851).
Victorian Age (Second half of 19th century)
It is represented by Realism and Naturalism. In this period, England was famous for its dramas, including the works of George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950). Charles Dickens (1812-70), William M. Thackeray (1812-70), Charlotte (1816-55) and Emily Bronte (1818-48) and George Elliot (1819-80) are among the outstanding representatives of this era.
Modernism (First to Second World War)
It can be seen as a reaction to the Realist movements of the late 19th century. Modernism discovered innovative narrative techniques such as stream of-consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary Cubism. The main works from this period are Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939) by James Joyce, Mrs Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1972) by Virginia Woolf, Three Lives (Gertrude Stein-1909), The Waste land (T.S. Eliot-1922), and The sound and the Fury(William Faulkner-1929)
Postmodernism (1960 and 1970s)
In Postmodernism, modernist issue are taken up again and adapted in an academic or formalistic way. It develops approaches of Modernism and characterize by narrative techniques with multiple perspective, interwoven strands of plot and experiments in typography. Among the representatives works of this period are Lost in the Funhouse (John Barth-1926), The Crying of lot 49 (Thomas Phynchon-1966), Double or Nothing (Raymond Federman-1971), The French Lieutenant’s Woman (John Fowles-1969), and the drama Waiting for Godot (Samuel Beckett-1952) and Travesties (Tom Stoppards-1974).
Refference:
Klarer, M. 1998. An Introduction to Literary Studies. London: Routledge
Periods of English Literature
Course : Foundation of Literature
Code : IG105
Credits : 2 Credit Hours
Instructors : Rd. Della Nuridah Kartika Amirulloh, S. Pd., M.Ed.
Name : M. Ilyas Nasruloh
Std. Number : 0802335
Class : 3B
A Note on the Naming of Periods:
Periods in literature are named for rulers, historical events, intellectual or political or religious movements, or artistic styles. Most literary periods therefore have multiple names. What's worse, some of these names are debated. Is the later 17th Century the Baroque era? The term baroque is an intractable term derived from art criticism, though it may usefully be applicable to some writers as well. Is the early 17th Century the Shakespearean era? Is it the Mannerist era? How widely do we wish to apply the term Elizabethan period? Other questions arise. Does Romanticism begin with Wordsworth? With Blake? In addition, Romanticism has various dates according to the national literature we refer to. In the separate art forms -- music, painting, and even some literary genres -- the dates may vary yet more. Recent histories of literature and the latest Norton Anthology of English Literature offer the latest examples of terms applied to literary periods. My best advice is to use the relatively neutral names that refer to monarchs, political periods, and whole centuries. Then when you wish to emphasize what you are talking about, rather than by habitual use of the terms, use the more specialized artistic and intellectual adjectives. In the following table, I attempt to categorize some of the references generally used by English and American students of English literature, and to provide examples of chief works or authors for each period. I've avoided simply naming the Centuries, and I've not taken terms like Victorian to refer merely to the rulers -- although I do prefer to date Queen Victoria's death, with the changes it symbolized, as the start of the Modern era. Whereas Queen Victoria ruled from 1837 until her death in 1901, many scholars select 1830 as the beginning of the Victorian Period, and for two good reasons. In 1830, the world's first public railway system opened between Liverpool and Manchester, enhancing the trade and industrial development particular to the Victorian era. Also in that year, the Reform Parliament opened, which was to pass the Reform Bill of 1832, a bill which would far increase the power of the English middle class and thereby affect British class structure. This list is far less detailed than it might be, and omits details for periods surrounding the Renaissance.
Time Span, Terms, Movements, Examples
600-1200 Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Beowulf
1200-1500 Middle English Geoffrey Chaucer
1500-1660 The English Renaissance
1500-1558 Tudor Period Humanist Era Thomas More, John Skelton
1558-1603 Elizabethan Period High Renaissance Edmund Spenser,
Sir Philip Sidney,
William Shakespeare
1603-1625 Jacobean Period Mannerist Style (1590-1640) other styles: Metaphysical Poets; Devotional Poets Shakespeare, John Donne, George Herbert,
Emilia Lanyer
1625-1649 Caroline Period John Ford, John Milton
1649-1660 The Commonwealth & The Protectorate Baroque Style, and later, Rococo Style Milton, Andrew Marvell, Thomas Hobbes
1660-1700 The Restoration John Dryden
1700-1800 The Eighteenth Century The Enlightenment; Neoclassical Period;
The Augustan Age Alexander Pope,
Jonathan Swift,
Samuel Johnson
1785-1830 Romanticism The Age of Revolution William Wordsworth,
S.T. Coleridge, Jane Austen,
the Brontës
1830-1901 Victorian Period Early, Middle and Late Victorian Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Robert Browning, Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1901-1960 Modern Period The Edwardian Era
(1901-1910);
The Georgian Era
(1910-1914) G.M. Hopkins,
H.G. Wells, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence,
T.S. Eliot
1960- Postmodern and Contemporary Period Ted Hughes, Doris Lessing, John Fowles, Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt
Source by:
Maintained by Stephen Gottlieb. E-mail ... Prof. Emeritus Stephen A. Gottlieb
Code : IG105
Credits : 2 Credit Hours
Instructors : Rd. Della Nuridah Kartika Amirulloh, S. Pd., M.Ed.
Name : M. Ilyas Nasruloh
Std. Number : 0802335
Class : 3B
A Note on the Naming of Periods:
Periods in literature are named for rulers, historical events, intellectual or political or religious movements, or artistic styles. Most literary periods therefore have multiple names. What's worse, some of these names are debated. Is the later 17th Century the Baroque era? The term baroque is an intractable term derived from art criticism, though it may usefully be applicable to some writers as well. Is the early 17th Century the Shakespearean era? Is it the Mannerist era? How widely do we wish to apply the term Elizabethan period? Other questions arise. Does Romanticism begin with Wordsworth? With Blake? In addition, Romanticism has various dates according to the national literature we refer to. In the separate art forms -- music, painting, and even some literary genres -- the dates may vary yet more. Recent histories of literature and the latest Norton Anthology of English Literature offer the latest examples of terms applied to literary periods. My best advice is to use the relatively neutral names that refer to monarchs, political periods, and whole centuries. Then when you wish to emphasize what you are talking about, rather than by habitual use of the terms, use the more specialized artistic and intellectual adjectives. In the following table, I attempt to categorize some of the references generally used by English and American students of English literature, and to provide examples of chief works or authors for each period. I've avoided simply naming the Centuries, and I've not taken terms like Victorian to refer merely to the rulers -- although I do prefer to date Queen Victoria's death, with the changes it symbolized, as the start of the Modern era. Whereas Queen Victoria ruled from 1837 until her death in 1901, many scholars select 1830 as the beginning of the Victorian Period, and for two good reasons. In 1830, the world's first public railway system opened between Liverpool and Manchester, enhancing the trade and industrial development particular to the Victorian era. Also in that year, the Reform Parliament opened, which was to pass the Reform Bill of 1832, a bill which would far increase the power of the English middle class and thereby affect British class structure. This list is far less detailed than it might be, and omits details for periods surrounding the Renaissance.
Time Span, Terms, Movements, Examples
600-1200 Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Beowulf
1200-1500 Middle English Geoffrey Chaucer
1500-1660 The English Renaissance
1500-1558 Tudor Period Humanist Era Thomas More, John Skelton
1558-1603 Elizabethan Period High Renaissance Edmund Spenser,
Sir Philip Sidney,
William Shakespeare
1603-1625 Jacobean Period Mannerist Style (1590-1640) other styles: Metaphysical Poets; Devotional Poets Shakespeare, John Donne, George Herbert,
Emilia Lanyer
1625-1649 Caroline Period John Ford, John Milton
1649-1660 The Commonwealth & The Protectorate Baroque Style, and later, Rococo Style Milton, Andrew Marvell, Thomas Hobbes
1660-1700 The Restoration John Dryden
1700-1800 The Eighteenth Century The Enlightenment; Neoclassical Period;
The Augustan Age Alexander Pope,
Jonathan Swift,
Samuel Johnson
1785-1830 Romanticism The Age of Revolution William Wordsworth,
S.T. Coleridge, Jane Austen,
the Brontës
1830-1901 Victorian Period Early, Middle and Late Victorian Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Robert Browning, Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1901-1960 Modern Period The Edwardian Era
(1901-1910);
The Georgian Era
(1910-1914) G.M. Hopkins,
H.G. Wells, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence,
T.S. Eliot
1960- Postmodern and Contemporary Period Ted Hughes, Doris Lessing, John Fowles, Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt
Source by:
Maintained by Stephen Gottlieb. E-mail ... Prof. Emeritus Stephen A. Gottlieb
Periods of English Literature
Periods of English Literature
By: Cita Aulia Anggraini
0802595
class B
Everything has its own origin or history, so do English Literature. Its history contain a lot of periods. There are eight periods of English Literature where each period has its own unique story and background. However, there are a lot of versions of names and they are still debated. I choose a common periods and the mostly periods that are mentioned in every sources. Therefore, the periods are:
A. Old English Periods or Anglo-Saxon Period
Old English Periods or is also known as Anglo-Saxon Periods was happened in 5th to 11th century. It’s the first or earliest periods of English Literature. In this period, the number of the text is very small, the writer was unknown, the oral tradition was very popular and the writer wrote his work to be performed. The works are poems and riddles. Epic poem was popular at that time, such as Beowulf. Beowulf has survived till now in the rich of Anglo-Saxon literature. This period is the stimulus period for the next eras.
B. Middle English Period
Middle English Period was happened in 12th-15th century. In this period, the text had been developing. The genres of the text became various, such as romance.
The types of the text also developed, for example narrative text. It was the beginning of short story. During the period, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, the Pearl Poet wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, William Langland wrote Piers Plowman. There are three main categories of Middle English Literature: Religious, Courtly love, and Arthurian.
C. Renaissance
Renaissance is also called the Early New English Period was occurred in 16th-17th century. The focus of this period is on the history of the language and sometimes referred to as “the age of Shakespeare” or “the Elizabethan era” or Jacobean Age. This period can called as a “re” period because in this period many kinds of genres became popular again or revival. For examples, classical genres; such as the epic with Edmun Spenser’s Faerie Queene, drama with William Shakespeare, and the others. Shakespeare composed theatrical representations of the English that take on life, death, and history. At that time, the revival of Greco-Roman genres was to influence and dominate the further course of English literary origin.
D. Augustan Age
I think that this era can be called as a greatest mutation and development period because there are a lot of works that mutate to another kind of work. For examples, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama, and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration.
“Augustan” derives from George I wishing to be seen as Augustus Caesar. Alexander Pope, who had been imitating Horace, wrote an Epistle to Augustus that was to George II and seemingly endorsed the notion of his age being like that of Augustus, when poetry became more mannered, political and satirical than the era of Julius Caesar. Then, Voltaire and Oliver Goldsmith used the term “Augustan” as one of the names of English Literature Period. This era was happened in 18th century.
E. Romantic Period
In this era was happened an increasing of industry, machine etc. It was the greatest event in Britain. It was influenced and changed Britain points of view and work. Many people lost their job because their job was handled by machines. It made a lot of poor men. Because of this condition, many authors felt so sad and sympathy with the condition at that time. Therefore, writers or authors wrote poets that were contained of beauty, mother earth, etc. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge made the first poet in England at this period, Lake Poets. Those early Romantic Poets brought a new emotionalism and introspection.
F. Victorian Age
Victorian literature is the literature produced during reign of Queen Victoria; therefore it is called Victorian Age. This era was happened in second half of 19th century. In 19th century, novel was the leading form of literature in English. The “Victorian novelist” created legacy works with continuing appeal. Significant Victorian novelists and poets are: Matthew Arnold, the Brontë sisters, Christina Rossetti, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Josep Conrad, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Lewis Carrol, Wilkie Collins, etc.
G. Modernism
Modernist Literature attempted to move from bonds of Realist literature and to introduce concepts such as disjointed timelines. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipatory metanarrative. Modernist literature can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism, examining subject matter that is traditionally ordinary.
Modernist literature often moves beyond the limitations of the Realist novel with a concern for larger factors such as social or historical change. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. The main of works of this period include James Joyce’s Ulysses and Finnegans Wake, Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. Gertrude Stein’s The Cantos, T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury.
H. Postmodernism
Postmodernism was happened in first to second world war 1960s and 1970s. The term postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature and indirectly deals with Nazi crimes. In this period, modernist, especially narrative technique, is taken up again and adapted in academic. The narrative techniques with lots of perspectives, interwoven strands of plot and experiments in typography characterize the text of this era. The works such as John Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse, Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, Raymond Federman’s Double or Nothing, and John Fowles’ The French Lieutenant’s Woman. Those works helped the movement to attain recognition in literary criticism.
From those periods we can see that there are a lot of processes that are happened in English Literature. There are some reasons and backgrounds that make English Literature changes. Mostly, it is because of human hands. Human who broke world. Therefore, it made the writers or authors wrote their beautiful and meaningful works. Situations and conditions make someone produced lots of beautiful works. Without that process, our literary can not develop.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
By: Cita Aulia Anggraini
0802595
class B
Everything has its own origin or history, so do English Literature. Its history contain a lot of periods. There are eight periods of English Literature where each period has its own unique story and background. However, there are a lot of versions of names and they are still debated. I choose a common periods and the mostly periods that are mentioned in every sources. Therefore, the periods are:
A. Old English Periods or Anglo-Saxon Period
Old English Periods or is also known as Anglo-Saxon Periods was happened in 5th to 11th century. It’s the first or earliest periods of English Literature. In this period, the number of the text is very small, the writer was unknown, the oral tradition was very popular and the writer wrote his work to be performed. The works are poems and riddles. Epic poem was popular at that time, such as Beowulf. Beowulf has survived till now in the rich of Anglo-Saxon literature. This period is the stimulus period for the next eras.
B. Middle English Period
Middle English Period was happened in 12th-15th century. In this period, the text had been developing. The genres of the text became various, such as romance.
The types of the text also developed, for example narrative text. It was the beginning of short story. During the period, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, the Pearl Poet wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, William Langland wrote Piers Plowman. There are three main categories of Middle English Literature: Religious, Courtly love, and Arthurian.
C. Renaissance
Renaissance is also called the Early New English Period was occurred in 16th-17th century. The focus of this period is on the history of the language and sometimes referred to as “the age of Shakespeare” or “the Elizabethan era” or Jacobean Age. This period can called as a “re” period because in this period many kinds of genres became popular again or revival. For examples, classical genres; such as the epic with Edmun Spenser’s Faerie Queene, drama with William Shakespeare, and the others. Shakespeare composed theatrical representations of the English that take on life, death, and history. At that time, the revival of Greco-Roman genres was to influence and dominate the further course of English literary origin.
D. Augustan Age
I think that this era can be called as a greatest mutation and development period because there are a lot of works that mutate to another kind of work. For examples, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama, and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration.
“Augustan” derives from George I wishing to be seen as Augustus Caesar. Alexander Pope, who had been imitating Horace, wrote an Epistle to Augustus that was to George II and seemingly endorsed the notion of his age being like that of Augustus, when poetry became more mannered, political and satirical than the era of Julius Caesar. Then, Voltaire and Oliver Goldsmith used the term “Augustan” as one of the names of English Literature Period. This era was happened in 18th century.
E. Romantic Period
In this era was happened an increasing of industry, machine etc. It was the greatest event in Britain. It was influenced and changed Britain points of view and work. Many people lost their job because their job was handled by machines. It made a lot of poor men. Because of this condition, many authors felt so sad and sympathy with the condition at that time. Therefore, writers or authors wrote poets that were contained of beauty, mother earth, etc. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge made the first poet in England at this period, Lake Poets. Those early Romantic Poets brought a new emotionalism and introspection.
F. Victorian Age
Victorian literature is the literature produced during reign of Queen Victoria; therefore it is called Victorian Age. This era was happened in second half of 19th century. In 19th century, novel was the leading form of literature in English. The “Victorian novelist” created legacy works with continuing appeal. Significant Victorian novelists and poets are: Matthew Arnold, the Brontë sisters, Christina Rossetti, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Josep Conrad, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Lewis Carrol, Wilkie Collins, etc.
G. Modernism
Modernist Literature attempted to move from bonds of Realist literature and to introduce concepts such as disjointed timelines. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipatory metanarrative. Modernist literature can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism, examining subject matter that is traditionally ordinary.
Modernist literature often moves beyond the limitations of the Realist novel with a concern for larger factors such as social or historical change. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. The main of works of this period include James Joyce’s Ulysses and Finnegans Wake, Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. Gertrude Stein’s The Cantos, T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury.
H. Postmodernism
Postmodernism was happened in first to second world war 1960s and 1970s. The term postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature and indirectly deals with Nazi crimes. In this period, modernist, especially narrative technique, is taken up again and adapted in academic. The narrative techniques with lots of perspectives, interwoven strands of plot and experiments in typography characterize the text of this era. The works such as John Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse, Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, Raymond Federman’s Double or Nothing, and John Fowles’ The French Lieutenant’s Woman. Those works helped the movement to attain recognition in literary criticism.
From those periods we can see that there are a lot of processes that are happened in English Literature. There are some reasons and backgrounds that make English Literature changes. Mostly, it is because of human hands. Human who broke world. Therefore, it made the writers or authors wrote their beautiful and meaningful works. Situations and conditions make someone produced lots of beautiful works. Without that process, our literary can not develop.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
Periods of English Literature written by Zahara Ramadani
PERIODS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
Written by,
Zahara Ramadani (0802663)
B-Class
Years ago English literature term popular as a work that writing in English language, but as time goes by it means a writing produce in English. English literature has been classified by some criteria and characteristic until divided in periods, for example the Old and Middle English periods that classified based on the history of language.
Old English Period : 5th-11th century / 450-1066
Middle English Period : 12th-15th century / 1066-1500
The Renaissance: 16th-17th century / 1500-1660
• Elizabethan Age : 1558-1603
• Jacobean Age : 1603-1625
• Caroline Age : 1625-1649
• Commonwealth Period : 1649-1660
The Augustan Age or The Neoclassical Period : 1700-1745
The Romantic Period : 1785-1830
The Victorian Period : 1830-1901
The Modern Period : 1901-1960
The Postmodern Period : 1960-present
1.OLD ENGLISH PERIOD
Old English period also known as Anglo-Saxon period refers to the literature produced from the invasion of Celtic England by Germany tribes in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. This period appeared in the early of Middle Ages, from the 5th century until the 11th century and became the earliest period of English Literature. During this period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition.
The number of texts which have been down from this period is very small, comprising anonymous magic charms, riddles and poems, for example “The Seafarer” (c. 9th century) and “The Wanderer” (c.9th-10th century). The most famous anonymous epic works from the Old English period is Beowulf (c.8th century). It such a mythological story which is based on historical facts and include as a great Germanic epic poem. Then, there were two poets of the Old English Period who wrote on biblical and religious, Caedmon and Cynewulf.
2.MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD
The Middle English Period consist of the literature produced between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and about 1500, from the twelfth century until fifteenth century, as the effect from the conquered of the French by England in the eleventh century. It happened when the standard literary language derived from the dialect of the London area, changed and became as “modern English”.
In this period, number of texts from various literary genres have been kept. Lyric poetry and epic “long poems” have been listed with various contents such as religious, romance and also narrative contents. In the earlier of the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular (the form of a language that a regional or other group of speakers use naturally) literature consisted mostly of religious writing, such as Piers Plowman (c. 1367-70) which has been attributed to William Langland (c. 1330-1386). Then, the secular literature was produced in the second half of the fourteenth century. One of genres of secular literature was the romance, such as the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (fourteenth century) and Le Morte d’Arthur (1470) by Thomas Malory (c. 1408-71). The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387) by Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340-1400) and Il Decamerano (c. 1349-51) by Giovanni Boccasio ( c. 1313-75) were the important models for the short story as the narrative contents of the Middle English Period.
3.THE RENAISSANCE
The English Renaissance also known as the Early New English Period appeared from the sixteenth century until seventeenth century. This period consists of four parts, that were the Elizabethan age, Jacobean age, Caroline age, and the Commonwealth period.
3.1 The Elizabethan Age
The Elizabethan age was appeared in 1558-1603 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This term not only focus on the history of language but also on the political rule. The Elizabethan age was influenced by ancient Greek and Roman genres. Lyric poetry, prose and drama were the major term of literatures that born in this age. Drama became the most grown literature in the Elizabethan age. William Shakespeare (1546-1616) was one of the famous writers of the Elizabethan age. Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Anthony and Cleopatra were the examples of his masterpieces. The other writers are, Christopher Marlowe (1546-93) and Edmund Spencer (1552-99) who wrote Faerie Queene (1590; 1596).
3.2 The Jacobean Age
The Jacobean age was appeared in 1603-1625 during the reign of King James I. In this age, literature became sophisticated, serious and aware of social abuse and rivalry. A lot of prose, drama and the King James translation of Bible had been produced by the Jacobean age.
The King James translation of Bible into English was one of the biggest project in the history up to this time. It was started from 1604 until 1611 and translated by William Tyndale, then became the standard Bible of the Church of England.
Ben Jonson with his masterpiece Volpone, Beamount and Fletcher who wrote The Knight of the Burning Pestle, and John Donne’s song and sonnet "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" were the writers who lived in the Jacobean age.
3.3 The Caroline Age
The Caroline age was appeared in 1625-1649 during the reign of King Charles I. Refinement and elegance were the characteristics of this age. A circle of poets that produced in this age known as the “Cavalier Poets”.
John Ford, Philip Massinger, James Shirley, and Richard Brome were the major voice drama’s writer at this age, whose performed their piece at the start of the English Civil War. During this age, the literature form was usually added by the political context along the political lines.
3.4 The Commonwealth Period
The Commonwealth period was appeared in 1649-1660 and also known as the Puritan Interregnum, because was under guidance of the Puritan Oliver Cromwell and also because the performance of the religious drama that shaken the public theaters entitled the “Puritan Interregnum”. This period was also produced the great and famous political writers, such as John Milton, Thomas Hobbes and the prose writer such as, Andrew Marvell.
John Milton (1608-74) was one of the outstanding writers in this age, he wrote political pamphlets and religious epics titled Paradise Lost (1667) and Paradise Regained (1671). Then, Thomas Hobbes wrote his political treatise, “Leviathan”.
4. The Augustan Age
The Augustan age was appeared in the eighteenth century, from 1700-1745 which is also referred to as the Neoclassical or Golden Age. Refinement, elegance, clarity and balance of judgment were the characteristic of this age. The classical literature and literary theory were adapted into legal contemporary culture, in this age. The greatest writers of the Augustan age were John Dryden (1631-1700), Alexander Pope (1688-1744), Joseph Adisson (1672-1719) and Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) who wrote translation, theatrical essays, and literary texts in various kind of genres.
This time, novels, the introduction of newspaper and literary magazines developed became the new genres. The Tattler (1709-11), The Spectator (1711-14), Daniel Defoe’s (1660-1731) Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson’s (1689-1761) Pamela (1740-41) & Clarissa (1748-49), Henry Fielding’s (1707-54) Tom Jones (1749) were the examples of the beginning of novels as a new literary genre.
5.The Romantic Period
The Romantic period began in the first half of the nineteenth century, from 1785 until 1830. Nature, individual, emotional experience, strong use of feeling, use of symbolism were the characteristics of this period. Their belief of the spontaneous, imaginative, personal and free that should be from literature were the writers of the romantics period were considered.
William Wordsworth (1770-1850) with his piece titled the Lyrical Ballads (1798), William Blake (1757-1827), John Keats (1795-1821), Lord Byron and Jane Austen were the well known authors and piece of the Romantics period.
6.The Victorian Age
The Victorian period began in the second half of the nineteenth century, from 1830-1901 with the started reign of Queen Victoria. The issues and problems of the day, such as social, economic, religious and intellectual problems were the themes of this period, that added with the industrial revolution, the early feminism movement, also the impact of the Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Charles Dickens, Charlotte Bronte, George Elliot, Thomas Hardy, Matthew Arnold, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning were some of the most well known authors of the Victorian period.
7.The Modern Period
The Modern period appeared in 1901-1960. This period can be seen as a reaction to the Realist movements of the late nineteenth century and headed to the English literature written since the beginning of the World War I in 1914.
This period focused on innovative narrative techniques and under the influence of psychoanalysis and other cultural-historical phenomena. The subject matter, form and style were had been experimented by the authors of the Modern period and have produced it in all literary genres.
The famous authors include their masterpieces of this period such as, Dylan Thomas, T.S Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922), Yeats and Seamus Heaney who wrote poets. The Novelist include James Joyce with his masterpieces Ulysses (1922) & Finnegans Wake (1939), D.H. Lawrence and Virginia Wolf’s Mrs. Dalloway (1925) & To the Lighthouse (1927). Then the dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
8.The Postmodern Period
The Postmodern period began in 1960. The innovative narrative techniques from the Modern period was taken again and adapted in an academic. The literary movement of this period had against with the Nazi crimes and the nuclear destruction. The narrative techniques developed with the multiple perspective and became the characteristic of this period.
Literary achievements’ such as John Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse (1968), Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), Raymond Feersman’s Doble or Nothing (1971), John Fowes’ The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969) were produced in this period.
REFFERENCES :
Klarer, Mario. 1998. An Introduction to Literary Studies. Routledge: London.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://sairam-english-literature.blogspot.com/2009/04/periods-of-english-literature.html
http://www.peacecorpswriters.org/pages/depts/resources/resour_writers/100daysbook/bk100da.html
http://englishliterature99.wordpress.com/periods-of-english-literature/
http://www.peacecorpswriters.org/pages/depts/resources/bibliog/bibc.html
Written by,
Zahara Ramadani (0802663)
B-Class
Years ago English literature term popular as a work that writing in English language, but as time goes by it means a writing produce in English. English literature has been classified by some criteria and characteristic until divided in periods, for example the Old and Middle English periods that classified based on the history of language.
Old English Period : 5th-11th century / 450-1066
Middle English Period : 12th-15th century / 1066-1500
The Renaissance: 16th-17th century / 1500-1660
• Elizabethan Age : 1558-1603
• Jacobean Age : 1603-1625
• Caroline Age : 1625-1649
• Commonwealth Period : 1649-1660
The Augustan Age or The Neoclassical Period : 1700-1745
The Romantic Period : 1785-1830
The Victorian Period : 1830-1901
The Modern Period : 1901-1960
The Postmodern Period : 1960-present
1.OLD ENGLISH PERIOD
Old English period also known as Anglo-Saxon period refers to the literature produced from the invasion of Celtic England by Germany tribes in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. This period appeared in the early of Middle Ages, from the 5th century until the 11th century and became the earliest period of English Literature. During this period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition.
The number of texts which have been down from this period is very small, comprising anonymous magic charms, riddles and poems, for example “The Seafarer” (c. 9th century) and “The Wanderer” (c.9th-10th century). The most famous anonymous epic works from the Old English period is Beowulf (c.8th century). It such a mythological story which is based on historical facts and include as a great Germanic epic poem. Then, there were two poets of the Old English Period who wrote on biblical and religious, Caedmon and Cynewulf.
2.MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD
The Middle English Period consist of the literature produced between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and about 1500, from the twelfth century until fifteenth century, as the effect from the conquered of the French by England in the eleventh century. It happened when the standard literary language derived from the dialect of the London area, changed and became as “modern English”.
In this period, number of texts from various literary genres have been kept. Lyric poetry and epic “long poems” have been listed with various contents such as religious, romance and also narrative contents. In the earlier of the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular (the form of a language that a regional or other group of speakers use naturally) literature consisted mostly of religious writing, such as Piers Plowman (c. 1367-70) which has been attributed to William Langland (c. 1330-1386). Then, the secular literature was produced in the second half of the fourteenth century. One of genres of secular literature was the romance, such as the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (fourteenth century) and Le Morte d’Arthur (1470) by Thomas Malory (c. 1408-71). The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387) by Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340-1400) and Il Decamerano (c. 1349-51) by Giovanni Boccasio ( c. 1313-75) were the important models for the short story as the narrative contents of the Middle English Period.
3.THE RENAISSANCE
The English Renaissance also known as the Early New English Period appeared from the sixteenth century until seventeenth century. This period consists of four parts, that were the Elizabethan age, Jacobean age, Caroline age, and the Commonwealth period.
3.1 The Elizabethan Age
The Elizabethan age was appeared in 1558-1603 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This term not only focus on the history of language but also on the political rule. The Elizabethan age was influenced by ancient Greek and Roman genres. Lyric poetry, prose and drama were the major term of literatures that born in this age. Drama became the most grown literature in the Elizabethan age. William Shakespeare (1546-1616) was one of the famous writers of the Elizabethan age. Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Anthony and Cleopatra were the examples of his masterpieces. The other writers are, Christopher Marlowe (1546-93) and Edmund Spencer (1552-99) who wrote Faerie Queene (1590; 1596).
3.2 The Jacobean Age
The Jacobean age was appeared in 1603-1625 during the reign of King James I. In this age, literature became sophisticated, serious and aware of social abuse and rivalry. A lot of prose, drama and the King James translation of Bible had been produced by the Jacobean age.
The King James translation of Bible into English was one of the biggest project in the history up to this time. It was started from 1604 until 1611 and translated by William Tyndale, then became the standard Bible of the Church of England.
Ben Jonson with his masterpiece Volpone, Beamount and Fletcher who wrote The Knight of the Burning Pestle, and John Donne’s song and sonnet "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning" were the writers who lived in the Jacobean age.
3.3 The Caroline Age
The Caroline age was appeared in 1625-1649 during the reign of King Charles I. Refinement and elegance were the characteristics of this age. A circle of poets that produced in this age known as the “Cavalier Poets”.
John Ford, Philip Massinger, James Shirley, and Richard Brome were the major voice drama’s writer at this age, whose performed their piece at the start of the English Civil War. During this age, the literature form was usually added by the political context along the political lines.
3.4 The Commonwealth Period
The Commonwealth period was appeared in 1649-1660 and also known as the Puritan Interregnum, because was under guidance of the Puritan Oliver Cromwell and also because the performance of the religious drama that shaken the public theaters entitled the “Puritan Interregnum”. This period was also produced the great and famous political writers, such as John Milton, Thomas Hobbes and the prose writer such as, Andrew Marvell.
John Milton (1608-74) was one of the outstanding writers in this age, he wrote political pamphlets and religious epics titled Paradise Lost (1667) and Paradise Regained (1671). Then, Thomas Hobbes wrote his political treatise, “Leviathan”.
4. The Augustan Age
The Augustan age was appeared in the eighteenth century, from 1700-1745 which is also referred to as the Neoclassical or Golden Age. Refinement, elegance, clarity and balance of judgment were the characteristic of this age. The classical literature and literary theory were adapted into legal contemporary culture, in this age. The greatest writers of the Augustan age were John Dryden (1631-1700), Alexander Pope (1688-1744), Joseph Adisson (1672-1719) and Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) who wrote translation, theatrical essays, and literary texts in various kind of genres.
This time, novels, the introduction of newspaper and literary magazines developed became the new genres. The Tattler (1709-11), The Spectator (1711-14), Daniel Defoe’s (1660-1731) Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson’s (1689-1761) Pamela (1740-41) & Clarissa (1748-49), Henry Fielding’s (1707-54) Tom Jones (1749) were the examples of the beginning of novels as a new literary genre.
5.The Romantic Period
The Romantic period began in the first half of the nineteenth century, from 1785 until 1830. Nature, individual, emotional experience, strong use of feeling, use of symbolism were the characteristics of this period. Their belief of the spontaneous, imaginative, personal and free that should be from literature were the writers of the romantics period were considered.
William Wordsworth (1770-1850) with his piece titled the Lyrical Ballads (1798), William Blake (1757-1827), John Keats (1795-1821), Lord Byron and Jane Austen were the well known authors and piece of the Romantics period.
6.The Victorian Age
The Victorian period began in the second half of the nineteenth century, from 1830-1901 with the started reign of Queen Victoria. The issues and problems of the day, such as social, economic, religious and intellectual problems were the themes of this period, that added with the industrial revolution, the early feminism movement, also the impact of the Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Charles Dickens, Charlotte Bronte, George Elliot, Thomas Hardy, Matthew Arnold, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning were some of the most well known authors of the Victorian period.
7.The Modern Period
The Modern period appeared in 1901-1960. This period can be seen as a reaction to the Realist movements of the late nineteenth century and headed to the English literature written since the beginning of the World War I in 1914.
This period focused on innovative narrative techniques and under the influence of psychoanalysis and other cultural-historical phenomena. The subject matter, form and style were had been experimented by the authors of the Modern period and have produced it in all literary genres.
The famous authors include their masterpieces of this period such as, Dylan Thomas, T.S Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922), Yeats and Seamus Heaney who wrote poets. The Novelist include James Joyce with his masterpieces Ulysses (1922) & Finnegans Wake (1939), D.H. Lawrence and Virginia Wolf’s Mrs. Dalloway (1925) & To the Lighthouse (1927). Then the dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
8.The Postmodern Period
The Postmodern period began in 1960. The innovative narrative techniques from the Modern period was taken again and adapted in an academic. The literary movement of this period had against with the Nazi crimes and the nuclear destruction. The narrative techniques developed with the multiple perspective and became the characteristic of this period.
Literary achievements’ such as John Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse (1968), Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), Raymond Feersman’s Doble or Nothing (1971), John Fowes’ The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969) were produced in this period.
REFFERENCES :
Klarer, Mario. 1998. An Introduction to Literary Studies. Routledge: London.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://sairam-english-literature.blogspot.com/2009/04/periods-of-english-literature.html
http://www.peacecorpswriters.org/pages/depts/resources/resour_writers/100daysbook/bk100da.html
http://englishliterature99.wordpress.com/periods-of-english-literature/
http://www.peacecorpswriters.org/pages/depts/resources/bibliog/bibc.html
Literary Periods of English Literature
Annisa Awaludin
0807343
English Education B1
The English literature was influenced by many factors such as the history of the language, national history, politics and religion, and art. That term refers to literature written in the English language. All of the writers or the authors were not only from England, they were also Poland, Scottish, Irish, American, Trinidad, Russian, etc.
In general, the English literature period could be classified into eight periods as the most important literary periods:
Old English Period : 5-11th century
Middle English Period : 12-15th century
Renaissance : 16-17th century
Augustan Age : 18th century
Romantic Period : first half of 19th century
Victorian Age : second half of 19th century
Modernism : first to second World War
Post Modernism : last 19th century
That’s the preliminary overview before we see their each descriptions, included the texts or the works, and the author. For the specific one, here is the more wide classification:
450-1066 : Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period
1066-1500 : Middle English Period
1500-1660 : The Renaissance
1558-1603 : Elizabethan Age
1603-1625 : Jacobean Age
1625-1649 : Caroline Age
1649-1660 : Commonwealth Period (or Puritan Interregnum)
1660-1785 : The Neoclassical Period
1660-1700 : The Restoration
1700-1745 : The Augustan Age (or Age of Pope)
1745-1785 : The Age of Sensibility (or Age of Johnson)
1785-1830 : The Romantic Period
1832-1901 : The Victorian Period
1848-1860 : The Pre-Raphaelites
1880-1901 : Aestheticism and Decadence
1901-1914 : The Edwardian Period
1910-1936 : The Georgian Period
1914-1945 : The Modern Period
1945-1990 : Postmodern Period
The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period refers to the literature produced from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror. During the Old English Period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth century poetry written in the vernacular Anglo-Saxon or Old English appeared. The themes were epic, myth, history, and religion. However, the true beginnings of literature in England were found in the Latin Middle Ages, when monastries were the main institution that preserved classical culture.
Works : poems “Beowulf”,” The Seafarer”, “The Wanderer”, “The Battle of Maldon”, “Caedmon”, “Cynewulf”.
The Middle English Period consists of the literature produced in the four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language, derived from the dialect of the London area, became recognizable as "modern English". Prior to the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular literature consisted primarily of religious writings. The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first great age of secular literature.
Works : poems “Piers Plowman”, romances “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”, “Le Morte d'Arthur” (Thomas Malory), narratives “The Canterbury Tales” (Geoffrey Chaucer), “Il Decamerone” (Giovanni Boccaccio).
The English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
The Elizabethan Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of Elizabeth I, 1558 - 1603. During this time, medieval tradition was blended with Renaissance optimism. Lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the major styles of literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age. The Jacobean Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of James I, 1603 - 1625. During this time the literature became sophisticated, sombre, and conscious of social abuse and rivalry. The Jacobean Age produced rich prose and drama as well as the King James translation of the Bible. Shakespeare and Jonson wrote during the Jacobean Age, as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton.
Works : epic “Faerie Queene” (Edmund Spenser), drama (William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe), “Court Masque”, prose romance “Euphues” (John Lyly), “Arcadia” (Philip Sidney).
The Caroline Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of Charles I, 1625 - 1649. The writers of this age wrote with refinement and elegance. This era produced a circle of poets known as the "Cavalier Poets" and the dramatists of this age were the last to write in the Elizabethan tradition. The Commonwealth Period, also known as the Puritan Interregnum, of English Literature includes the literature produced during the time of Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. This period produced the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell. In September of 1642, the Puritans closed theatres on moral and religious grounds. For the next eighteen years the theatres remained closed, accounting for the lack of drama produced during this time period.
The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785) was much influenced by contemporary French literature, which was in the midst of its greatest age. The literature of this time is known for its use of philosophy, reason, skepticism, wit, and refinement. The Neoclassical Period also marks the first great age of English literary criticism. Much like the English Literary Renaissance, the Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the Restoration, the Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility. The Restoration, 1660 - 1700, is marked by the restoration of the monarchy and the triumph of reason and tolerance over religious and political passion. The Restoration produced an abundance of prose and poetry and the distinctive comedy of manners known as Restoration comedy. It was during the Restoration that John Milton published Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Other major writers of the era include John Dryden, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, and John Locke.
The English Augustan Age derived its name from the brilliant literary period of Vergil and Ovid under the Roman emperor Augustus. In English literature, the Augustan Age, 1700-1745, refers to literature with the predominant characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. The writers such as John Dryden, Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison wrote translations, theoretical essays, literary texts in a variety of genres. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe. Another name for this period is the Age of Johnson because the dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson and his literary and intellectual circle.
Works : novels "Pamela“ and “Clarissa” (Samuel Richardson), “Robinson Crusoe” (Daniel Defoe), "Tom Jones” (Henry Fielding), “Tristram Shandy” (Laurence Sterne), magazines “The Tatler” and “The Spectator”.
The Romantic Period of English literature began in the late 18th century and lasted until approximately 1832. In general, Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered innovative based on their belief that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron. It was during the Romantic Period that Gothic literature was born. Traits of Gothic literature are dark and gloomy settings and characters and situations that are fantastic, grotesque, wild, savage, mysterious, and often melodramatic. Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Anne Radcliffe and Mary Shelley.
The Victorian Period of English literature began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and lasted until her death in 1901. Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades, the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into "early Victorian" and "late Victorian." In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. Within the Victorian Period, two other literary movements, that of The Pre-Raphaelites (1848-1860) and the movement of Aestheticism and Decadence (1880-1900), gained prominence. In 1848, a group of English artists, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, formed the "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood." It was the aim of this group to return painting to a style of truthfulness, simplicity, and religious devotion that had reigned prior to Raphael and the high Italian Renaissance. Rossetti and his literary circle, which included his sister Christina, incorporated these ideals into their literature, and the result was that of the literary Pre-Raphaelites.
The Aestheticism and Decadence movement of English literature grew out of the French movement of the same name. The authors of this movement encouraged experimentation and held the view that art is totally opposed "natural" norms of morality. This style of literature opposed the dominance of scientific thinking and defied the hostility of society to any art that was not useful or did not teach moral values. It was from the movement of Aestheticism and Decadence that the phrase art for art's sake emerged. A well-known author of the English Aestheticism and Decadence movement is Oscar Wilde.
The Edwardian Period is named for King Edward VII and spans the time from Queen Victoria's death (1901) to the beginning of World War I (1914). During this time, the British Empire was at its height and the wealthy lived lives of materialistic luxury. However, four fifths of the English population lived in squalor. The writings of the Edwardian Period reflect and comment on these social conditions. For example, writers such as George Bernard Shaw and H.G. Wells attacked social injustice and the selfishness of the upper classes. Other writers of the time include William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster. The Georgian Period refers to the period of British Literature that is named for the reign of George V (1910-36). Many writers of the Edwardian Period continued to write during the Georgian Period. This era also produced a group of poets known as the Georgian poets. These writers, now regarded as minor poets, were published in four anthologies entitled Georgian Poetry, published by Edward Marsh between 1912 and 1922. Georgian poetry tends to focus on rural subject matter and is traditional in technique and form.
The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The authors of the Modern Period have experimented with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Works : "Ulysses“ and “Finnegans Wake” (James Joyce), “Mrs. Dalloway” and “To the Lighthouse” (Virginia Wolfs), "Three Lives” (Gertrude Stein), “The Cantos” (Ezra Pound), “The Waste Land” (T.S. Eliot), “The Sound and The Fury” (William Faulkners).
The Postmodern Period of British Literature developed following World War II (1939-1945). Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms. While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still fall into the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be reorganized and expanded.
Works : "Lost in the Funhouse“ (John Barth), “The Crying of Lot 49” (Thomas Pynchon), “Double or Nothing” (Raymond Federman), "Tom Jones” (Henry Fielding), “Tristram Shandy” (Laurence Sterne), magazines “The Tatler” and “The Spectator”.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies. London: Routledge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
0807343
English Education B1
The English literature was influenced by many factors such as the history of the language, national history, politics and religion, and art. That term refers to literature written in the English language. All of the writers or the authors were not only from England, they were also Poland, Scottish, Irish, American, Trinidad, Russian, etc.
In general, the English literature period could be classified into eight periods as the most important literary periods:
Old English Period : 5-11th century
Middle English Period : 12-15th century
Renaissance : 16-17th century
Augustan Age : 18th century
Romantic Period : first half of 19th century
Victorian Age : second half of 19th century
Modernism : first to second World War
Post Modernism : last 19th century
That’s the preliminary overview before we see their each descriptions, included the texts or the works, and the author. For the specific one, here is the more wide classification:
450-1066 : Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period
1066-1500 : Middle English Period
1500-1660 : The Renaissance
1558-1603 : Elizabethan Age
1603-1625 : Jacobean Age
1625-1649 : Caroline Age
1649-1660 : Commonwealth Period (or Puritan Interregnum)
1660-1785 : The Neoclassical Period
1660-1700 : The Restoration
1700-1745 : The Augustan Age (or Age of Pope)
1745-1785 : The Age of Sensibility (or Age of Johnson)
1785-1830 : The Romantic Period
1832-1901 : The Victorian Period
1848-1860 : The Pre-Raphaelites
1880-1901 : Aestheticism and Decadence
1901-1914 : The Edwardian Period
1910-1936 : The Georgian Period
1914-1945 : The Modern Period
1945-1990 : Postmodern Period
The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period refers to the literature produced from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror. During the Old English Period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth century poetry written in the vernacular Anglo-Saxon or Old English appeared. The themes were epic, myth, history, and religion. However, the true beginnings of literature in England were found in the Latin Middle Ages, when monastries were the main institution that preserved classical culture.
Works : poems “Beowulf”,” The Seafarer”, “The Wanderer”, “The Battle of Maldon”, “Caedmon”, “Cynewulf”.
The Middle English Period consists of the literature produced in the four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language, derived from the dialect of the London area, became recognizable as "modern English". Prior to the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular literature consisted primarily of religious writings. The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first great age of secular literature.
Works : poems “Piers Plowman”, romances “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”, “Le Morte d'Arthur” (Thomas Malory), narratives “The Canterbury Tales” (Geoffrey Chaucer), “Il Decamerone” (Giovanni Boccaccio).
The English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
The Elizabethan Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of Elizabeth I, 1558 - 1603. During this time, medieval tradition was blended with Renaissance optimism. Lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the major styles of literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age. The Jacobean Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of James I, 1603 - 1625. During this time the literature became sophisticated, sombre, and conscious of social abuse and rivalry. The Jacobean Age produced rich prose and drama as well as the King James translation of the Bible. Shakespeare and Jonson wrote during the Jacobean Age, as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton.
Works : epic “Faerie Queene” (Edmund Spenser), drama (William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe), “Court Masque”, prose romance “Euphues” (John Lyly), “Arcadia” (Philip Sidney).
The Caroline Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of Charles I, 1625 - 1649. The writers of this age wrote with refinement and elegance. This era produced a circle of poets known as the "Cavalier Poets" and the dramatists of this age were the last to write in the Elizabethan tradition. The Commonwealth Period, also known as the Puritan Interregnum, of English Literature includes the literature produced during the time of Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. This period produced the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell. In September of 1642, the Puritans closed theatres on moral and religious grounds. For the next eighteen years the theatres remained closed, accounting for the lack of drama produced during this time period.
The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785) was much influenced by contemporary French literature, which was in the midst of its greatest age. The literature of this time is known for its use of philosophy, reason, skepticism, wit, and refinement. The Neoclassical Period also marks the first great age of English literary criticism. Much like the English Literary Renaissance, the Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the Restoration, the Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility. The Restoration, 1660 - 1700, is marked by the restoration of the monarchy and the triumph of reason and tolerance over religious and political passion. The Restoration produced an abundance of prose and poetry and the distinctive comedy of manners known as Restoration comedy. It was during the Restoration that John Milton published Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Other major writers of the era include John Dryden, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, and John Locke.
The English Augustan Age derived its name from the brilliant literary period of Vergil and Ovid under the Roman emperor Augustus. In English literature, the Augustan Age, 1700-1745, refers to literature with the predominant characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. The writers such as John Dryden, Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison wrote translations, theoretical essays, literary texts in a variety of genres. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe. Another name for this period is the Age of Johnson because the dominant authors of this period were Samuel Johnson and his literary and intellectual circle.
Works : novels "Pamela“ and “Clarissa” (Samuel Richardson), “Robinson Crusoe” (Daniel Defoe), "Tom Jones” (Henry Fielding), “Tristram Shandy” (Laurence Sterne), magazines “The Tatler” and “The Spectator”.
The Romantic Period of English literature began in the late 18th century and lasted until approximately 1832. In general, Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered innovative based on their belief that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron. It was during the Romantic Period that Gothic literature was born. Traits of Gothic literature are dark and gloomy settings and characters and situations that are fantastic, grotesque, wild, savage, mysterious, and often melodramatic. Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Anne Radcliffe and Mary Shelley.
The Victorian Period of English literature began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and lasted until her death in 1901. Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades, the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into "early Victorian" and "late Victorian." In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. Within the Victorian Period, two other literary movements, that of The Pre-Raphaelites (1848-1860) and the movement of Aestheticism and Decadence (1880-1900), gained prominence. In 1848, a group of English artists, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, formed the "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood." It was the aim of this group to return painting to a style of truthfulness, simplicity, and religious devotion that had reigned prior to Raphael and the high Italian Renaissance. Rossetti and his literary circle, which included his sister Christina, incorporated these ideals into their literature, and the result was that of the literary Pre-Raphaelites.
The Aestheticism and Decadence movement of English literature grew out of the French movement of the same name. The authors of this movement encouraged experimentation and held the view that art is totally opposed "natural" norms of morality. This style of literature opposed the dominance of scientific thinking and defied the hostility of society to any art that was not useful or did not teach moral values. It was from the movement of Aestheticism and Decadence that the phrase art for art's sake emerged. A well-known author of the English Aestheticism and Decadence movement is Oscar Wilde.
The Edwardian Period is named for King Edward VII and spans the time from Queen Victoria's death (1901) to the beginning of World War I (1914). During this time, the British Empire was at its height and the wealthy lived lives of materialistic luxury. However, four fifths of the English population lived in squalor. The writings of the Edwardian Period reflect and comment on these social conditions. For example, writers such as George Bernard Shaw and H.G. Wells attacked social injustice and the selfishness of the upper classes. Other writers of the time include William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster. The Georgian Period refers to the period of British Literature that is named for the reign of George V (1910-36). Many writers of the Edwardian Period continued to write during the Georgian Period. This era also produced a group of poets known as the Georgian poets. These writers, now regarded as minor poets, were published in four anthologies entitled Georgian Poetry, published by Edward Marsh between 1912 and 1922. Georgian poetry tends to focus on rural subject matter and is traditional in technique and form.
The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The authors of the Modern Period have experimented with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Works : "Ulysses“ and “Finnegans Wake” (James Joyce), “Mrs. Dalloway” and “To the Lighthouse” (Virginia Wolfs), "Three Lives” (Gertrude Stein), “The Cantos” (Ezra Pound), “The Waste Land” (T.S. Eliot), “The Sound and The Fury” (William Faulkners).
The Postmodern Period of British Literature developed following World War II (1939-1945). Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms. While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still fall into the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be reorganized and expanded.
Works : "Lost in the Funhouse“ (John Barth), “The Crying of Lot 49” (Thomas Pynchon), “Double or Nothing” (Raymond Federman), "Tom Jones” (Henry Fielding), “Tristram Shandy” (Laurence Sterne), magazines “The Tatler” and “The Spectator”.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies. London: Routledge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
Periods of English literature
By Darini Bilqis Maulany (0807315)
There are some periods in English literature. According to Klarer in An Introduction to Literary Studies, they are classified based on movements of some fields such as the history (Colonial Period), politics and religion (Elizabethan and Puritan Age), and art (Renaissance and Modernism).
Old English-Anglo-Saxon- Period (5th-11th century)
This is the oldest period in English literature. It is begun from the invasion Celtic England by Germanic tribes to the conquest of England in 1066 by the Norman French. However, according to Klarer, the beginning of English literature is found in the Latin Middle Ages. At that time monasteries were the main institution which protected classical culture.
National literature like poetry was written in the vernacular –Anglo Saxon– called Old English.
The number of the texts which have been handed down is very small. They were anonymous magic charm, riddles and poems.
Some of works at this period are:
Poems: The seafarer (9th century), The Wanderer (9th-10th century)
Epic: Beowulf (c. 8th century, the greatest of Germanic epics) and The Battle of Maldon (c.1000, based on historical facts)
There were also some writer such as Caedmon and Cynewulf who wrote on religious and biblical themes. In addition, there was translator like Alfred the Great who translated several books of Latin prose into Old English, and also recorded the important events in England.
In the eleventh century, England was conquered by the French-speaking Normans and a rupture occurred in culture and literature.
Middle English Period (12th-15th century)
In this period (1066-1500), a number of texts from various literary genres have been protected. About 1500, the standard literary language took the form of “modern English”. In 1100-1350, the non-Latin literature was produced in the French dialect (by the invades who were then the ruling class of England)
Middle English Period also produced cycle of narratives. The important work of this period was Guillaume de Lorris’ and Jean de Meun’s Roman de la Rose. Later on, the narrative vernacular – middle English – became the literary language especially for religious writings. The other works are Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterury Tales (1387) and Giovanni Boccaccio’s Il decamerone (c. 1349-51).
The secular literature became more popular in the second half of the 14th century. This was the age of Chaucer and John Gower. Remarkable works of this time were William Langland’s great religious and satirical poem Piers Plowmen (1367-70) , and Thomas Malory’s the famous prose romance called Le Morte d’ Arthur (1470).
According a source, King James I and Robert Henryson occupied chief position in 15th century so 15th century was remarkable for popular literature addressed to the upper class. It was the age of excellent songs and of folk ballads, and was the time of the miracle and morality plays.
Renaissance Period (16th-17th century)
The other famous names of this period are Early New English Period where the literary much discuss about history of language, and Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean Age (King James).
Some of works in this period are epic with Edmund Spenser’s (c. 1552-99) Faerie Queene, independent prose genres with John Lyly’s (c. 1554-1606) Euphues (1578) and Philip Sydney’s (1554-86) Arcadia (c. 1580). There are also some dramas which are written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616) and Cristopher Marlowe (1564-93).
The end of this era is closed by the great works written by John Milton (1608-60). They are political pamphlet and religious epics entitled Paradise Lost, 1667 and Paradise Regained, 1671).
Augustan Age (18th century)
Besides Augustan Age, this period is also called Eighteenth Century, Neoclassical, and Golden Age. Classical literature and literary theory were applied to suit contemporary culture. There are many authors who wrote translation, theoretical essays, and literary texts in variety genres such as John Dryden (1631-1700), Alexander Pope (1688-1744), Joseph Addison (1672-1719), and Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
In this period the distribution of the text changed. In addition, the novel as a new genre and the introduction of newspapers and literary magazines such as The Tatler (1709-11) and The Spectator (1711-14) developed. The other works of this period "Pamela“ (1740-41) and “Clarissa” (1748-49) by Samuel Richardson, “Robinson Crusoe” (1719) by Daniel Defoe, "Tom Jones” (1749) by Henry Fielding, “Tristram Shandy” by Laurence Sterne, etc.
Romantic period (First half of 19th century)
This period is the beginning of a new period in Traditional English Literary history in which nature and individual, emotional, experience dominated enough. The mark of this new period is the first edition of the Lyrical Ballads (1798) by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
It is said that romanticism was an reaction to Enlightenment and political changes throughout Europe and America at the end of eighteenth century.
The other important representative of English Romanticism include William Blake, john Keats, and Marry Shelley.
Victorian Age (Second half of 19th century)
In 1837 Victoria was accessed to be England Queen and lasted until her death in 1901. This period is also known as "early Victorian" and "late Victorian" because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades. According to a source, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy.
Modernism (First to second World War)
The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. According to Klarer, English modernism is a reaction to the realist movements of the nineteenth century. Realism and Naturalism focused on truthful portrayal or reality, while modernism discovered new narrative techniques such as stream of-consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary Cubism.
Some of works of the Modern Period are James Joyce’s Ullysses (1922), and Finnegans Wake (1939), Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and To The Light House (1927), etc.
Postmodernism (1960s and 1970s)
Postmodernism period is a literary movement of the second half of the twentieth century indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and the nuclear destruction of World war II while structurally developing the approaches of modernism.
Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms. While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still fall into the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be reorganized and expanded.
Some of works in this period are "Lost in the Funhouse“ (John Barth), “The Crying of Lot 49” (Thomas Pynchon), “Double or Nothing” (Raymond Federman), "Tom Jones” (Henry Fielding), “Tristram Shandy” (Laurence Sterne), etc.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies. London: Routledge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
There are some periods in English literature. According to Klarer in An Introduction to Literary Studies, they are classified based on movements of some fields such as the history (Colonial Period), politics and religion (Elizabethan and Puritan Age), and art (Renaissance and Modernism).
Old English-Anglo-Saxon- Period (5th-11th century)
This is the oldest period in English literature. It is begun from the invasion Celtic England by Germanic tribes to the conquest of England in 1066 by the Norman French. However, according to Klarer, the beginning of English literature is found in the Latin Middle Ages. At that time monasteries were the main institution which protected classical culture.
National literature like poetry was written in the vernacular –Anglo Saxon– called Old English.
The number of the texts which have been handed down is very small. They were anonymous magic charm, riddles and poems.
Some of works at this period are:
Poems: The seafarer (9th century), The Wanderer (9th-10th century)
Epic: Beowulf (c. 8th century, the greatest of Germanic epics) and The Battle of Maldon (c.1000, based on historical facts)
There were also some writer such as Caedmon and Cynewulf who wrote on religious and biblical themes. In addition, there was translator like Alfred the Great who translated several books of Latin prose into Old English, and also recorded the important events in England.
In the eleventh century, England was conquered by the French-speaking Normans and a rupture occurred in culture and literature.
Middle English Period (12th-15th century)
In this period (1066-1500), a number of texts from various literary genres have been protected. About 1500, the standard literary language took the form of “modern English”. In 1100-1350, the non-Latin literature was produced in the French dialect (by the invades who were then the ruling class of England)
Middle English Period also produced cycle of narratives. The important work of this period was Guillaume de Lorris’ and Jean de Meun’s Roman de la Rose. Later on, the narrative vernacular – middle English – became the literary language especially for religious writings. The other works are Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterury Tales (1387) and Giovanni Boccaccio’s Il decamerone (c. 1349-51).
The secular literature became more popular in the second half of the 14th century. This was the age of Chaucer and John Gower. Remarkable works of this time were William Langland’s great religious and satirical poem Piers Plowmen (1367-70) , and Thomas Malory’s the famous prose romance called Le Morte d’ Arthur (1470).
According a source, King James I and Robert Henryson occupied chief position in 15th century so 15th century was remarkable for popular literature addressed to the upper class. It was the age of excellent songs and of folk ballads, and was the time of the miracle and morality plays.
Renaissance Period (16th-17th century)
The other famous names of this period are Early New English Period where the literary much discuss about history of language, and Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean Age (King James).
Some of works in this period are epic with Edmund Spenser’s (c. 1552-99) Faerie Queene, independent prose genres with John Lyly’s (c. 1554-1606) Euphues (1578) and Philip Sydney’s (1554-86) Arcadia (c. 1580). There are also some dramas which are written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616) and Cristopher Marlowe (1564-93).
The end of this era is closed by the great works written by John Milton (1608-60). They are political pamphlet and religious epics entitled Paradise Lost, 1667 and Paradise Regained, 1671).
Augustan Age (18th century)
Besides Augustan Age, this period is also called Eighteenth Century, Neoclassical, and Golden Age. Classical literature and literary theory were applied to suit contemporary culture. There are many authors who wrote translation, theoretical essays, and literary texts in variety genres such as John Dryden (1631-1700), Alexander Pope (1688-1744), Joseph Addison (1672-1719), and Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
In this period the distribution of the text changed. In addition, the novel as a new genre and the introduction of newspapers and literary magazines such as The Tatler (1709-11) and The Spectator (1711-14) developed. The other works of this period "Pamela“ (1740-41) and “Clarissa” (1748-49) by Samuel Richardson, “Robinson Crusoe” (1719) by Daniel Defoe, "Tom Jones” (1749) by Henry Fielding, “Tristram Shandy” by Laurence Sterne, etc.
Romantic period (First half of 19th century)
This period is the beginning of a new period in Traditional English Literary history in which nature and individual, emotional, experience dominated enough. The mark of this new period is the first edition of the Lyrical Ballads (1798) by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
It is said that romanticism was an reaction to Enlightenment and political changes throughout Europe and America at the end of eighteenth century.
The other important representative of English Romanticism include William Blake, john Keats, and Marry Shelley.
Victorian Age (Second half of 19th century)
In 1837 Victoria was accessed to be England Queen and lasted until her death in 1901. This period is also known as "early Victorian" and "late Victorian" because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades. According to a source, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy.
Modernism (First to second World War)
The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. According to Klarer, English modernism is a reaction to the realist movements of the nineteenth century. Realism and Naturalism focused on truthful portrayal or reality, while modernism discovered new narrative techniques such as stream of-consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary Cubism.
Some of works of the Modern Period are James Joyce’s Ullysses (1922), and Finnegans Wake (1939), Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and To The Light House (1927), etc.
Postmodernism (1960s and 1970s)
Postmodernism period is a literary movement of the second half of the twentieth century indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and the nuclear destruction of World war II while structurally developing the approaches of modernism.
Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms. While the British literary scene at the turn of the new millennium is crowded and varied, the authors still fall into the categories of modernism and postmodernism. However, with the passage of time the Modern era may be reorganized and expanded.
Some of works in this period are "Lost in the Funhouse“ (John Barth), “The Crying of Lot 49” (Thomas Pynchon), “Double or Nothing” (Raymond Federman), "Tom Jones” (Henry Fielding), “Tristram Shandy” (Laurence Sterne), etc.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies. London: Routledge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
Periods of English Literature
Name: Sophia Fithri A.
Class: English Education (B)
Student number: 0802570
Periods of English Literature
Periods of literature are included of English historical succession. There are some terms and criteria of classification have established themselves as standard in Anglo-American literary criticism. The criteria for classification come from fields such as the history of the language (old and Middle English), national history (Colonial Periods), politics, and region (Elizabethhan and Puritan Age) and art (Reneissance and Modernism).
Periods of English Literature
Old English Periods 5th-11th centuries
Middle English Periods 12th-15th centuries
Renaissance 16th-17th centuries
Augustan Age 18th centuries
Romantic Period first half of 19th centuries
Victorian Age Second half of 19th centuries
Modernism First to Second World War
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
Periods of American Literature
Colonial or Puritan Age 17th-18th centuries
Romantic Periods and
Transcendentalism first half of 19th centuries
Realism and Naturalism Second half of 19th centuries
Modernism First to Second World War
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
The old English or Anglo-Saxon Periods is respected as beginning with the invasion of Britain by Germanic ethnics in the 5th centuries AD and lasting until the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. When England was terminated by the French-speaking Normans in the eleventh centuries, a certain rupture occurred in culture and literature. From the latter half of this Middle English periods, a number of texts from many kind literature genres have been preserved. The texts includes lyric poetry and epic, the romance which include anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (fourteenth centuries) and Thomas Maliry’s (1408-71) Le Morte thed’ Arthur (1470). It is also influenced the development of the novel in eighteen centuries.
The English Renaissance (Early New English Periods) focuses on the history of the language, and the Elizabeth Age (Queen Elizabeth 1) or Jacobean Age (King James). This period is a revival of the classical genres, such as the epic with Edmund Spencer’s (1552-99), Faerie Queen (1590-1596), and the drama of William Shakespeare (1564-1616), and others. The English Renaissance produced relatively independent prose genres and are dominated by Greco-roman genres.
The next period is the Eighteen centuries, which is referred to as the Neoclassical, golden or Augustan Age. In this period, classical literature and literary theory were adapted to suit contemporary culture. A variety of genres in this period include a translation, theoretical essays, and literary texts of John Dryden (1631-1700) and Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
At the end of the eighteenth centuries, it’s marked by Romanticism as a beginning of a new period in traditional English literary history. Romanticism may be seen as a reaction to the Enlightenment and political changes throughout European and American at the end of eighteenth centuries. The most important of representative of this period include William Blake (1757-1827), John Keats (1795-1821), Percy Bysshe Shelley (2792-2822) and Mary Shelley (1797-1851).
English and American Modernism can be seen as a reaction to the realist movements of the late nineteenth centuries. Modernism discovered innovative narrative technique such as stream of consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary cubism. The main works in this period include James Joyce’s (1882-1991), Ulysses (1992) and Finnegans Wake (1939).
In Postmodernism, modernist issues regarding innovative narrative technique are taken up again in this period and adapted in academic or sometimes formalistic way. The narrative technique in this period written with multiple perspectives, interwoven strands of plot and experiments in typography characterize the text of this era, and the literary work which helped the movement to attain recognition in literary criticism such as John Barth’s (*1930), Thomas Pynchon’s (*1937), and John Fowles’ (1926).
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
Class: English Education (B)
Student number: 0802570
Periods of English Literature
Periods of literature are included of English historical succession. There are some terms and criteria of classification have established themselves as standard in Anglo-American literary criticism. The criteria for classification come from fields such as the history of the language (old and Middle English), national history (Colonial Periods), politics, and region (Elizabethhan and Puritan Age) and art (Reneissance and Modernism).
Periods of English Literature
Old English Periods 5th-11th centuries
Middle English Periods 12th-15th centuries
Renaissance 16th-17th centuries
Augustan Age 18th centuries
Romantic Period first half of 19th centuries
Victorian Age Second half of 19th centuries
Modernism First to Second World War
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
Periods of American Literature
Colonial or Puritan Age 17th-18th centuries
Romantic Periods and
Transcendentalism first half of 19th centuries
Realism and Naturalism Second half of 19th centuries
Modernism First to Second World War
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
The old English or Anglo-Saxon Periods is respected as beginning with the invasion of Britain by Germanic ethnics in the 5th centuries AD and lasting until the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. When England was terminated by the French-speaking Normans in the eleventh centuries, a certain rupture occurred in culture and literature. From the latter half of this Middle English periods, a number of texts from many kind literature genres have been preserved. The texts includes lyric poetry and epic, the romance which include anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (fourteenth centuries) and Thomas Maliry’s (1408-71) Le Morte thed’ Arthur (1470). It is also influenced the development of the novel in eighteen centuries.
The English Renaissance (Early New English Periods) focuses on the history of the language, and the Elizabeth Age (Queen Elizabeth 1) or Jacobean Age (King James). This period is a revival of the classical genres, such as the epic with Edmund Spencer’s (1552-99), Faerie Queen (1590-1596), and the drama of William Shakespeare (1564-1616), and others. The English Renaissance produced relatively independent prose genres and are dominated by Greco-roman genres.
The next period is the Eighteen centuries, which is referred to as the Neoclassical, golden or Augustan Age. In this period, classical literature and literary theory were adapted to suit contemporary culture. A variety of genres in this period include a translation, theoretical essays, and literary texts of John Dryden (1631-1700) and Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
At the end of the eighteenth centuries, it’s marked by Romanticism as a beginning of a new period in traditional English literary history. Romanticism may be seen as a reaction to the Enlightenment and political changes throughout European and American at the end of eighteenth centuries. The most important of representative of this period include William Blake (1757-1827), John Keats (1795-1821), Percy Bysshe Shelley (2792-2822) and Mary Shelley (1797-1851).
English and American Modernism can be seen as a reaction to the realist movements of the late nineteenth centuries. Modernism discovered innovative narrative technique such as stream of consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary cubism. The main works in this period include James Joyce’s (1882-1991), Ulysses (1992) and Finnegans Wake (1939).
In Postmodernism, modernist issues regarding innovative narrative technique are taken up again in this period and adapted in academic or sometimes formalistic way. The narrative technique in this period written with multiple perspectives, interwoven strands of plot and experiments in typography characterize the text of this era, and the literary work which helped the movement to attain recognition in literary criticism such as John Barth’s (*1930), Thomas Pynchon’s (*1937), and John Fowles’ (1926).
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
Selasa, 29 September 2009
Periods of English Literature
Periods of English Literature
By Deastika Bayuning Sudjasmara (0807338)
Based on Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, literature is written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value.
Moreover, Periods of time English literature refers to literature composed in English language, even if the writers are not from England. There are varieties of author of English literature.
The first period of English literature is Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066). During the Old English Period, written literature began from oral tradition and most literary works were written to be performed. One of the most well-known Old English pieces of literature is Beowulf. Beowulf is a great Germanic epic poem.
After Old English Period, came The Middle English Period (1066-1500). One of the most well-known Middle English pieces of literature is Geoffrey Chaucer. He was also one of people who produced the first great age of secular literature, beside the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur. During Middle English Period, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, the Pearl Poet wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, William Langland wrote Piers Plowman, and many morality plays and miracle plays were produced.
After that, came The English Renaissance or The Early New English Period (1500-1660). The English Literary Renaissance are began with English humanists, such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt. Then, continued by Elizabethan Period (1558-1603). During the Elizabethan Period, lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the styles of literature that flowered. Some writers of the Elizabethan Period are William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Ben Jonson.
After Elizabethan Period, came The Jacobean Period (1603-1625). William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson wrote during the Jacobean Period, as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton. Then, The Caroline Period (1625-1649) came. John Ford was one of writers during The Caroline Period of English Literature. After The Caroline Period, came The Commonwealth Period or also known as the Puritan Interregnum (1649-1660). This period produced the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell.
Next period is The Neoclassical Period (1660-1785). The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets, they are the Restoration (1660-1700), the Augustan Age (1700-1745), and the Age of Sensibility (1745-1785). During the Restoration, John Milton published Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Other writers of the period are John Dryden, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, and John Locke, whereas well-known writers of the Augustan Age are Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. Moreover, in Age of Sensibility, the writers are Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding. This period produced some of the greatest novels of the English language, including Clarissa by Richardson (1748) and Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1749).
After The Neoclassical Period, came The Romantic Period of English literature (1785-1830). The writers of The Romantic Period are Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron. Next is The Victorian Period (1832-1901). The writers of The Victorian Period are Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. Then, continued by The Edwardian Period (1901-1914). The writers of The Edwardian Period are H.G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster. After that, came The Georgian Period (1910-1936). Many writers of the Edwardian Period continued to write during the Georgian Period. One of writers of this period is Edward Marsh. He published Georgian Poetry.
The next period is The Modern Period (1914-1945). The poets of the period are Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney, and novelists are James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Moreover, Following World War II, the Postmodern Period of English Literature (1945-present) was developed. Some of writers of the period are Ted Hughes, Doris Lessing, John Fowles, Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
http://home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html
By Deastika Bayuning Sudjasmara (0807338)
Based on Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, literature is written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value.
Moreover, Periods of time English literature refers to literature composed in English language, even if the writers are not from England. There are varieties of author of English literature.
The first period of English literature is Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066). During the Old English Period, written literature began from oral tradition and most literary works were written to be performed. One of the most well-known Old English pieces of literature is Beowulf. Beowulf is a great Germanic epic poem.
After Old English Period, came The Middle English Period (1066-1500). One of the most well-known Middle English pieces of literature is Geoffrey Chaucer. He was also one of people who produced the first great age of secular literature, beside the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur. During Middle English Period, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, the Pearl Poet wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, William Langland wrote Piers Plowman, and many morality plays and miracle plays were produced.
After that, came The English Renaissance or The Early New English Period (1500-1660). The English Literary Renaissance are began with English humanists, such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt. Then, continued by Elizabethan Period (1558-1603). During the Elizabethan Period, lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the styles of literature that flowered. Some writers of the Elizabethan Period are William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Ben Jonson.
After Elizabethan Period, came The Jacobean Period (1603-1625). William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson wrote during the Jacobean Period, as well as John Donne, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Middleton. Then, The Caroline Period (1625-1649) came. John Ford was one of writers during The Caroline Period of English Literature. After The Caroline Period, came The Commonwealth Period or also known as the Puritan Interregnum (1649-1660). This period produced the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell.
Next period is The Neoclassical Period (1660-1785). The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets, they are the Restoration (1660-1700), the Augustan Age (1700-1745), and the Age of Sensibility (1745-1785). During the Restoration, John Milton published Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Other writers of the period are John Dryden, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, and John Locke, whereas well-known writers of the Augustan Age are Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. Moreover, in Age of Sensibility, the writers are Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding. This period produced some of the greatest novels of the English language, including Clarissa by Richardson (1748) and Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1749).
After The Neoclassical Period, came The Romantic Period of English literature (1785-1830). The writers of The Romantic Period are Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron. Next is The Victorian Period (1832-1901). The writers of The Victorian Period are Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, her husband Robert, Matthew Arnold, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. Then, continued by The Edwardian Period (1901-1914). The writers of The Edwardian Period are H.G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster. After that, came The Georgian Period (1910-1936). Many writers of the Edwardian Period continued to write during the Georgian Period. One of writers of this period is Edward Marsh. He published Georgian Poetry.
The next period is The Modern Period (1914-1945). The poets of the period are Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney, and novelists are James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
Moreover, Following World War II, the Postmodern Period of English Literature (1945-present) was developed. Some of writers of the period are Ted Hughes, Doris Lessing, John Fowles, Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt.
References:
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://englisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
http://home.comcast.net/~stephen.gottlieb/romantic/periods.html
Periods of English Literatures
Period English of Literatures
Ami Fatimah Mulyati
0807333
The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English. In other words, English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world. In spite of many discrepancies and in inconsistencies, some terms and criteria of classification have established themselves in Anglo-American literary criticism. There are some criteria of literature based on their classifications:
1. The history of language: Old English and Middle English,
2. National history: Colonial Period,
3. Politics and Religion: Elizabethan and Purity age, and
4. Art: Renaissance and Modernism
Period of English Literature
Old English Period 5th-11th century
Middle English Period 12th-15th century
Renaissance 16th-17th century
Augustan Age 18th century
Romantic Period First half of 19th century
Victorian Age Second half of 19th century
Modernism First to second world war
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
Period of American Literature
Colonial or Puritan Age 17th-18th century
Romantic Period and Transcendentalism First half of 19th century
Realism and Naturalism Second half of 19th century
Modernism First to second world war
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
Old English
Old English appeared in the early Middle Ages. It is regarded as beginning with the invasion of Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) tribes in the fifth century AD and lasting until the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. The earliest texts written between the eight and the eleventh century are called Old English or Anglo-Saxon.the example of this literature texts are The Seafarer (9th century), the Wanderer (9th-10th century), the mythological Beowulf (8th century) or The Battle of Meldon (10th century).
Middle English Period
The Middle English Literature had occurred in the first time when Edward III begun a war to enforce his claims on the throne of France. In this time there were some famous poems and it called “long Poems” with religious contents such as Piers Plowman (1367-1370), Sir Gwain and the Green Knight (14th century), le Morte d’Arthur (1470), Canterbury Tales (1387), Il Decamerone (1349-1351).
Renaissance
It also called the Early New English Period, a term which focused on the history of the language and the Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean Age (King James), divisions based on political rule. Particularly notable in this period is the revival of classical genres, such as the epic with Edmund Spencer’s (1552-1599), Faerie Queene (1590-1596), and the drama with William Shakespeare (1564-1616), Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) and others.
Augustan Age
The next period is commonly regarded as an independent epoch is the Eighteen Century, which is also referred to as the Neoclassical, Golden or Augustan Age. In this period literary theory was adapted to suit contemporary culture. This was also a time of influential changes in the distribution of texts, including the development of novel as a genre and the introduction of newspaper and literary magazines such as The Tatler (1709-1711) and The Spectator (1711-1714). This time marked the beginning of novel as a new literary genre.
Puritan or Colonial Age
This period can be seen as the first literary phenomenon on the North American continent. Early American texts reflect, in their histeriographic and theological orientation, the religious roots of American colonial times. Cotton Mather’s (1663-1728) and John Winthrop’s (1588-1649) notes in the diary form and Anna Bradstreet’s (1612-1672) poetry are among the most important source for an understanding of the early colonies.
Romanticism
In the end of the eighteen century, Romanticism marks the beginning of the new period in traditional English literary history. The first edition of Lyrical Ballads (1798) by William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) is commonly considered to the beginning of a new period in which Nature and individual, emotional experience play an important role. The most important representative of English Romanticism include William Blake, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley.
Modernism
It can be seen as a reaction to the realist movements of late nineteenth century. It discovered innovated narrative techniques such as stream of-consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary Cubism. The literary texts in this period include Ulysses, Finnegans wake, Mrs. Dollaway, To The Lighthouse, Three lives, The Cantos, The waste Land and The Sound and The Fury.
Postmodernism
This literary movement of the second half of the twentieth century indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and structurally developing the approach of Modernism. The most famous texts in this period are Lost in the Funhouse, The Crying of lot, Doubled or Nothing, The French Leutnant’s Woman. And the Dramas are Travesties (1974) and Waiting for Godot (1952).
references
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
Ami Fatimah Mulyati
0807333
The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English. In other words, English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world. In spite of many discrepancies and in inconsistencies, some terms and criteria of classification have established themselves in Anglo-American literary criticism. There are some criteria of literature based on their classifications:
1. The history of language: Old English and Middle English,
2. National history: Colonial Period,
3. Politics and Religion: Elizabethan and Purity age, and
4. Art: Renaissance and Modernism
Period of English Literature
Old English Period 5th-11th century
Middle English Period 12th-15th century
Renaissance 16th-17th century
Augustan Age 18th century
Romantic Period First half of 19th century
Victorian Age Second half of 19th century
Modernism First to second world war
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
Period of American Literature
Colonial or Puritan Age 17th-18th century
Romantic Period and Transcendentalism First half of 19th century
Realism and Naturalism Second half of 19th century
Modernism First to second world war
Postmodernism 1960s and 1970s
Old English
Old English appeared in the early Middle Ages. It is regarded as beginning with the invasion of Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) tribes in the fifth century AD and lasting until the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. The earliest texts written between the eight and the eleventh century are called Old English or Anglo-Saxon.the example of this literature texts are The Seafarer (9th century), the Wanderer (9th-10th century), the mythological Beowulf (8th century) or The Battle of Meldon (10th century).
Middle English Period
The Middle English Literature had occurred in the first time when Edward III begun a war to enforce his claims on the throne of France. In this time there were some famous poems and it called “long Poems” with religious contents such as Piers Plowman (1367-1370), Sir Gwain and the Green Knight (14th century), le Morte d’Arthur (1470), Canterbury Tales (1387), Il Decamerone (1349-1351).
Renaissance
It also called the Early New English Period, a term which focused on the history of the language and the Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean Age (King James), divisions based on political rule. Particularly notable in this period is the revival of classical genres, such as the epic with Edmund Spencer’s (1552-1599), Faerie Queene (1590-1596), and the drama with William Shakespeare (1564-1616), Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) and others.
Augustan Age
The next period is commonly regarded as an independent epoch is the Eighteen Century, which is also referred to as the Neoclassical, Golden or Augustan Age. In this period literary theory was adapted to suit contemporary culture. This was also a time of influential changes in the distribution of texts, including the development of novel as a genre and the introduction of newspaper and literary magazines such as The Tatler (1709-1711) and The Spectator (1711-1714). This time marked the beginning of novel as a new literary genre.
Puritan or Colonial Age
This period can be seen as the first literary phenomenon on the North American continent. Early American texts reflect, in their histeriographic and theological orientation, the religious roots of American colonial times. Cotton Mather’s (1663-1728) and John Winthrop’s (1588-1649) notes in the diary form and Anna Bradstreet’s (1612-1672) poetry are among the most important source for an understanding of the early colonies.
Romanticism
In the end of the eighteen century, Romanticism marks the beginning of the new period in traditional English literary history. The first edition of Lyrical Ballads (1798) by William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) is commonly considered to the beginning of a new period in which Nature and individual, emotional experience play an important role. The most important representative of English Romanticism include William Blake, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley.
Modernism
It can be seen as a reaction to the realist movements of late nineteenth century. It discovered innovated narrative techniques such as stream of-consciousness or structural forms such as collage and literary Cubism. The literary texts in this period include Ulysses, Finnegans wake, Mrs. Dollaway, To The Lighthouse, Three lives, The Cantos, The waste Land and The Sound and The Fury.
Postmodernism
This literary movement of the second half of the twentieth century indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and structurally developing the approach of Modernism. The most famous texts in this period are Lost in the Funhouse, The Crying of lot, Doubled or Nothing, The French Leutnant’s Woman. And the Dramas are Travesties (1974) and Waiting for Godot (1952).
references
Klarer, Mario.1998.An Introducing to Literary Studies.London:Routledge
Sabtu, 12 September 2009
Welcome for Class B
This is our blog for literature class. I hope you don't mind for the name. Enjoy for blogging
Always Keep the Faith...n_n
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