Name : Supartini
Stud.Number : 0807337
Class : 3B
Periods of English Literature
Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter), and therefore the academic study of literature is known as Letters (as in the phrase "Arts and Letters"), from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Etymologycally, the Latin works “literatura” is come from “littera”, which is the smallest element of the alphabetical writing.
As an international language, English is a very global and important language so every English literature works will spread globally and can be studied by the people all around the world. In general people mostly only know some famous English writer such as William Shakespeare, T.S. Elliot, William Wordsworth, etc. that had wrote lots of the amazing written works. People in the world knew that the English literature is one of the world’s heritages.
Just like any other literature, the English literature also has the periods based on the time or era; here are some explanations about the periods of the English literature:
1. The old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period (5th until 11th century)
This period is the first period in the English Literature that began from the invasion of the Britain by the Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) tribes in the 5th century until the French invasion under William the Conqureor in 1066. Earliest texts written at this time period are called Old English or “Anglo-Saxon.”. Here are some examples of the Old English or Anglo Saxon written works:
• Anonymous magic charms, riddles, and poems: “The Seafarer” (9th century), and “The Wanderer” (9th-10th century)
• Epic works: “the mythological Beowulf” (8thcentury) and ”The Battle of Maldon” that based on the real facts.
2. The Middle English Period (12th until 15th century)
This period began when England was conquered by the French-speaking Normans in the 11th century the culture adapted and changed a step forward. The various literary products are combined. The example of written works that written in this period are:
• Lyric poetry and epic long poems with religious contents: “Piers Plowman” (1367-1370) by William Langdan.
• The romance: “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” (14th century) and “Le Morte d’Arthur” by Thomas malory.
• Narratives: “Conterburry Tales” by Geoffrey Chaucer and “Il Decamerone” by Giovanni Boccacio.
3. The English Renaissance or the early new English Period (16th until 17th century)
The English Renaissance period term focuses on the history of the language and the Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) or Jacobean Age (King James) that based on the political rule. The works examples are:
• Epic: “Faere Queene” (1590-1595) by Edmund Spenser.
• Drama by William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.
• Independent prose genres: Romance “Euphues” by Lyly and “Arcadia” by Philip Sydney.
• Drama: “Court Masque”
4. The Eighteenth Century period/ the Neoclassical Golden of Augustan Age (18th century)
This period is commonly regarded as an independent epoch because the classical literary and the literary theory were adapted to the suit contemporary culture.
The works examples:
• Translations
• Theoretical essays
• Literary texts
• The novels: “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe, “Pamela” by Samuel Richardson, “Tom Jones” by Henry Fielding, and “Tristram Shandy” by Laurence Sterne.
5. The Puritan or Colonial Age (17th until 18th century)
This period can be seen as the first literary phenomenon on the North American continent.
The famous writer examples in this period are: Cotton Mather, John Withrop, and Phillips Wheatleys.
6. The Romanticism (first half of 19th century)
This era marks the beginning a new period at the end of 18th century. This period commonly use the author’s personal feeling in their written works and finally produce the romantic writings. Here are some works examples:
• “The Lyrical Balads” by Wiliam Wordsworth and Taylor Coleridge.
7. The Realism and Naturalism (Second half of 19th century)
This period described as the movement which tries rto truthfully describe “reality” through language.
8. The Modernism period (first to second world war)
The Modernism period can be seen as the reaction to the Realist movements of the late nineteenth century. “Modernism” is a blanket term which encompasses the extensive which manifest themselves.
The main works:
• “Ulysses” and “Vinegan Walks” by Joyce.
• “Mrs Dalloway” and “To the Light House by Virginia Woolf, “The Cantos” , “The Waste Land”, and “T.S. Elliot” by Ezra Pounds.
• And “The Sound and the Fury” by William Flaukner.
9. The Postmodernism period (1960s-1970s)
This literary movement of the second half of the 20th century indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and the nuclear destruction of World War II.
The works examples:
• “Lost in the Funhouse” by John Barths.
• “The Crying of Lot 49” by Thomas Pynchon.
• “Double or Nothing” by Raymond Federman.
Jumat, 02 Oktober 2009
PERIOEDS OF ENGLISH LITERATURES BY AGUNG GINANJAR A (0808476)
Course : Foundation of Literature
Code : IG105
Credits : 2 Credit Hours
Instructors : Rd. Della Nuridah Kartika Amirulloh, S. Pd., M.Ed.
Name : Agung Ginanjar Anjaniputra
Std. Number : 0808476
Class : 3B
History of English
Today's English is the continuation of the language of the 5th-century Germanic invaders of Britain. No records exist of pre-invasion forms of the language. The language most closely related to English is the West Germanic language Frisian. The history of English is an aspect of the history of the English people and their development. Thus in the 9th century the standard English was the dialect of dominant Wessex (see Anglo-Saxon literature). The Norman Conquest (11th century) brought in foreign rulers, whose native language was Norman French and English was eclipsed by French as the official language. When English became again (14th century) the language of the upper class, the capital was London, and the new standard (continued in Modern Standard English) was a London dialect.
It is convenient to divide English into periods—Old English (or Anglo-Saxon; to c.1150), Middle English (to c.1500; see Middle English literature ), and Modern English; this division implies no discontinuity, for even the hegemony of French affected only a small percentage of the population. The English-speaking areas have expanded at all periods. Before the Normans the language was spoken in England and S Scotland, but not in Cornwall, Wales, or, at first, in Strathclyde. English has not completely ousted the Celtic languages from the British Isles, but it has spread vastly overseas.
Period of English Literature by Alma Prima. N
Name: Alma Prima. N
Student Number: 0809326
Class: 3B
Periods of English Lliterature
Literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the word. There are usually include additional adjectives such as “aesthetic” or “artistic” to distinguish literary works from texts of everyday use such as telephone books, newspaper, legal documents and scholarly writings.
There are a periods of literature, that has some criteria. The criteria for classification must not distract from the fact that such criteria are relative and that any attempt to relate divergent texts to a single period of literary history is always problematic. The criteria for classification derive from fields such as:
1. The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period
Is regarded as beginning with the invasion of Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) tribes in the 5th century AD and lasting until the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. During the Old English Period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth century poetry written in the vernacular Anglo-Saxon (also known as Old English) appeared. One of the most well-known eighth century Old English pieces of literature is Beowulf, a great Germanic epic poem. Two poets of the Old English Period who wrote on biblical and religious themes were Caedmon and Cynewulf.
2. The Middle English Period
Consists of the literature produced in the four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language, derived from the dialect of the London area, became recognizable as "modern English."
3. The Elizabethan Age of English Literature
Same as the reign of Elizabeth I, 1558 - 1603. During this time, medieval tradition was blended with Renaissance optimism. Lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the major styles of literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age.
4. The Caroline Age of English Literature
Coincides with the reign of Charles I, 1625 - 1649. The writers of this age wrote with refinement and elegance. This era produced a circle of poets known as the "Cavalier Poets" and the dramatists of this age were the last to write in the Elizabethan tradition.
This period produced the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell.
5. The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785)
The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the Restoration, the Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility.
a. The Restoration, 1660 - 1700, is marked by the restoration of the monarchy and the triumph of reason and tolerance over religious and political passion. The Restoration produced an abundance of prose and poetry and the distinctive comedy of manners known as Restoration comedy.
b. The English Augustan Age, 1700 - 1745, refers to literature with the predominant characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. Well-known writers of the Augustan Age include Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe, and the "novel of character," Pamela, by Samuel Richardson in 1740.
c. The age Sensibility.
6. The Romantic Period of English
Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered innovative based on their belief that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron.
8. The Victorian Period of English literature
Began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and lasted until her death in 1901. Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades, the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into "early Victorian" and "late Victorian."
9. The Aestheticism and Decadence movement of English literature
In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. It’s began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and lasted until her death in 1901.
10. The Edwardian Period
It’s beginning of World War I (1914). The writings of the Edwardian Period reflect and comment on British Empire’s social conditions. For example, writers such as George Bernard Shaw and H.G. Wells attacked social injustice and the selfishness of the upper classes. Other writers of the time include William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster.
11. The Modern and Postmodern Period
The authors of the Modern and postmodern period have experimented with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
a. Modern Period, it can be seen as a reaction to the realist movements of the late nineteenth century, focused on the truthful portrayal of reality.
b. Postmodern Period, the Postmodern Period of British Literature developed in 1939-1945 Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms.
REFERENCES:
Periods of English Literature. Available at http:// www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/engper.
Retrieved on 23/09/09.
Klarer, Mario. (1998). An Introduction to Literary. London. Roudledge.
Student Number: 0809326
Class: 3B
Periods of English Lliterature
Literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the word. There are usually include additional adjectives such as “aesthetic” or “artistic” to distinguish literary works from texts of everyday use such as telephone books, newspaper, legal documents and scholarly writings.
There are a periods of literature, that has some criteria. The criteria for classification must not distract from the fact that such criteria are relative and that any attempt to relate divergent texts to a single period of literary history is always problematic. The criteria for classification derive from fields such as:
1. The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period
Is regarded as beginning with the invasion of Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) tribes in the 5th century AD and lasting until the French invasion under William the Conqueror in 1066. During the Old English Period, written literature began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth century poetry written in the vernacular Anglo-Saxon (also known as Old English) appeared. One of the most well-known eighth century Old English pieces of literature is Beowulf, a great Germanic epic poem. Two poets of the Old English Period who wrote on biblical and religious themes were Caedmon and Cynewulf.
2. The Middle English Period
Consists of the literature produced in the four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language, derived from the dialect of the London area, became recognizable as "modern English."
3. The Elizabethan Age of English Literature
Same as the reign of Elizabeth I, 1558 - 1603. During this time, medieval tradition was blended with Renaissance optimism. Lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the major styles of literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age.
4. The Caroline Age of English Literature
Coincides with the reign of Charles I, 1625 - 1649. The writers of this age wrote with refinement and elegance. This era produced a circle of poets known as the "Cavalier Poets" and the dramatists of this age were the last to write in the Elizabethan tradition.
This period produced the political writings of John Milton, Thomas Hobbes' political treatise Leviathan, and the prose of Andrew Marvell.
5. The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785)
The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the Restoration, the Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility.
a. The Restoration, 1660 - 1700, is marked by the restoration of the monarchy and the triumph of reason and tolerance over religious and political passion. The Restoration produced an abundance of prose and poetry and the distinctive comedy of manners known as Restoration comedy.
b. The English Augustan Age, 1700 - 1745, refers to literature with the predominant characteristics of refinement, clarity, elegance, and balance of judgment. Well-known writers of the Augustan Age include Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and Daniel Defoe. A significant contribution of this time period included the release of the first English novels by Defoe, and the "novel of character," Pamela, by Samuel Richardson in 1740.
c. The age Sensibility.
6. The Romantic Period of English
Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its exploration of nature and the supernatural. In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered innovative based on their belief that literature should be spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Jane Austen, and Lord Byron.
8. The Victorian Period of English literature
Began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and lasted until her death in 1901. Because the Victorian Period of English literature spans over six decades, the year 1870 is often used to divide the era into "early Victorian" and "late Victorian."
9. The Aestheticism and Decadence movement of English literature
In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems of the day. Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on philosophy and religion. It’s began with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837, and lasted until her death in 1901.
10. The Edwardian Period
It’s beginning of World War I (1914). The writings of the Edwardian Period reflect and comment on British Empire’s social conditions. For example, writers such as George Bernard Shaw and H.G. Wells attacked social injustice and the selfishness of the upper classes. Other writers of the time include William Butler Yeats, Joseph Conrad, Rudyard Kipling, Henry James, and E.M. Forster.
11. The Modern and Postmodern Period
The authors of the Modern and postmodern period have experimented with subject matter, form, and style and have produced achievements in all literary genres. Poets of the period include Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Seamus Heaney. Novelists include James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf. Dramatists include Noel Coward and Samuel Beckett.
a. Modern Period, it can be seen as a reaction to the realist movements of the late nineteenth century, focused on the truthful portrayal of reality.
b. Postmodern Period, the Postmodern Period of British Literature developed in 1939-1945 Postmodernism blends literary genres and styles and attempts to break free of modernist forms.
REFERENCES:
Periods of English Literature. Available at http:// www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/engper.
Retrieved on 23/09/09.
Klarer, Mario. (1998). An Introduction to Literary. London. Roudledge.
English Literature Through the Time by Lathifah Ghoida Azhar
English Literature Through the Time
by Lathifah Ghoida Azhar
0807335
By Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary literature means pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays, and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc). So, English literature means literature that’s written in English. The English Literature appeared because of the Germanic traditional Anglo-Saxon settlers in early Middle Age.
The Old English (450-1066)
The Old English version of poetry probably was the ‘milder’ version of the original content. The original Germanic content was about war. In the first coming to England, the poetry was handed down orally from generation to generation.
The products: Beowulf
Middle English literature (1066-1500)
In this period Chancery Standard (an English-based Form) became widespread and printing press regularized their language. It was because Edward the third began a war to enforce his claims from approximately 1336 up until 1470s. The Middle English Literature focused on three main things, they are religious, country love and Arthurian.
The products: Piers Plowman
Renaissance/Early Modern English Literature (1500-1660)
This period divides into several sub-periods
• 1558-1603 Elizabethan Age
• 1603-1625 Jacobean Age
• 1625-1649 Caroline Age
• 1649-1669 Commonwealth Period
The products: Vernacular Liturgy, Book of Common Prayer
Neoclassical Period/18th century Literature (1660-1785)
This is the period where’s everything must has at least a reason, which was time to logical thinking, and the secularism grown fast. This period creates gothic novels.
The products: The Mysteries of Udolpho
Romantic Literature (1785-1830)
Pioneered by Jean Jacques Rousseau and followed by almost all European poets. The first England poets were Lake Poets, including William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It brought a new emotionalism and intropection.
The second generation includes Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley, and John Keats.
The products: Rime of the Ancient Mariner, The Giaour, The Corsair, etc
Victorian literature (1832-1901)
In this period novel became the leading form of English Literature. Most writers were sick enough to fulfill the arictocratic wants. They began to meet the taste of middle class reading. The famous writers in that period include Brontë Sisters and Charles Dickens.
The Products: Vanity Fair, Pickwick Papers, Wuthering Heights.
Modern Literature
The Modern Literature got great influence from the Romantism and Karl Max’s political writings. The earliestm example of Modern appeared in the mid to late 19th century and reached its peak between the First and Second World War. Some great writers in that period were James Joyce and William Butler Yeats.
Products: Ulysses, Dubliners, Heart of Darkness
references:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa08
http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-century/bl-periods.htm
by Lathifah Ghoida Azhar
0807335
By Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary literature means pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays, and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc). So, English literature means literature that’s written in English. The English Literature appeared because of the Germanic traditional Anglo-Saxon settlers in early Middle Age.
The Old English (450-1066)
The Old English version of poetry probably was the ‘milder’ version of the original content. The original Germanic content was about war. In the first coming to England, the poetry was handed down orally from generation to generation.
The products: Beowulf
Middle English literature (1066-1500)
In this period Chancery Standard (an English-based Form) became widespread and printing press regularized their language. It was because Edward the third began a war to enforce his claims from approximately 1336 up until 1470s. The Middle English Literature focused on three main things, they are religious, country love and Arthurian.
The products: Piers Plowman
Renaissance/Early Modern English Literature (1500-1660)
This period divides into several sub-periods
• 1558-1603 Elizabethan Age
• 1603-1625 Jacobean Age
• 1625-1649 Caroline Age
• 1649-1669 Commonwealth Period
The products: Vernacular Liturgy, Book of Common Prayer
Neoclassical Period/18th century Literature (1660-1785)
This is the period where’s everything must has at least a reason, which was time to logical thinking, and the secularism grown fast. This period creates gothic novels.
The products: The Mysteries of Udolpho
Romantic Literature (1785-1830)
Pioneered by Jean Jacques Rousseau and followed by almost all European poets. The first England poets were Lake Poets, including William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It brought a new emotionalism and intropection.
The second generation includes Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley, and John Keats.
The products: Rime of the Ancient Mariner, The Giaour, The Corsair, etc
Victorian literature (1832-1901)
In this period novel became the leading form of English Literature. Most writers were sick enough to fulfill the arictocratic wants. They began to meet the taste of middle class reading. The famous writers in that period include Brontë Sisters and Charles Dickens.
The Products: Vanity Fair, Pickwick Papers, Wuthering Heights.
Modern Literature
The Modern Literature got great influence from the Romantism and Karl Max’s political writings. The earliestm example of Modern appeared in the mid to late 19th century and reached its peak between the First and Second World War. Some great writers in that period were James Joyce and William Butler Yeats.
Products: Ulysses, Dubliners, Heart of Darkness
references:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa08
http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-century/bl-periods.htm
Periods of English Literature
NIKA ASRI/3B’08/0807329
PERIODS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
What is Literature?
Etymologically, in the Latin world “litteratura” is derived from “littera” (letter), which is the smallest element of alphabetical writing. In other hand, literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression.
Periods of English Literature
The criteria for classification of period English literature derive from fields such as the history of the language (Old and Middle English), national history (Colonial Period), politics and religion (Elizabethan and Putiran Age) and art (Renaissance and modernism). There are several periods of English Literature which can be learned by us, they are can be seen in this table.
Period Name of Period The explanation Example
5th-11th century
(450-1066) Old English This period is begun with the invasion of Britain by Germanic. Beowulf
12th-15th century
(1066-1500) Middle English There are various literary genres. E.g. lyric poetry, long poems. Geoffrey Chaucer
16th-17th century
(1500-1660) Renaissance (Early New English Period) -This term was focused on the history of the language.
-Revival of classical genres which influence and dominated the further course. Edmund Spenser,
Sir Philip Sidney,
William Shakespare.
18th century
(1700-1745) Augustan Age Classical literature and literary theory were adapted to suit contemporary culture. Alexander Pope
First half of 19th century
(1785-1830) Romanticism This period marks the beginning of a new period in traditional English literary history. William Wordsworth
Second half of 19th century
(1832-1901) Victorian Age During the period of Queen Victoria’s reign. Charles Dickens,
George Eliot,
Robert Browning,
Alfred,
Lord Tennyson
First to Second World War
(1914-1945) Modernism Indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and nuclear destruction of modernism.
Narrative techniques with multiple perspectives, interwoven strands of plot, experiment in typography characterize this era. G.M. Hopkins,
H.G. Wells, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence,
T.s. Eliot
(1945 onward) Postmodern This period were overshadowed by Women’s and ‘Minority’ Literature.
Literature is written by marginalized group including women, gay or ethnic minorities, etc. Ted Hughes,
Doris Lessing,
John Fowles,
Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt.
REFERENCES:
1. Klarer, Mario. (1998). An Introduction to Literary. London. Roudledge.
PERIODS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
What is Literature?
Etymologically, in the Latin world “litteratura” is derived from “littera” (letter), which is the smallest element of alphabetical writing. In other hand, literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression.
Periods of English Literature
The criteria for classification of period English literature derive from fields such as the history of the language (Old and Middle English), national history (Colonial Period), politics and religion (Elizabethan and Putiran Age) and art (Renaissance and modernism). There are several periods of English Literature which can be learned by us, they are can be seen in this table.
Period Name of Period The explanation Example
5th-11th century
(450-1066) Old English This period is begun with the invasion of Britain by Germanic. Beowulf
12th-15th century
(1066-1500) Middle English There are various literary genres. E.g. lyric poetry, long poems. Geoffrey Chaucer
16th-17th century
(1500-1660) Renaissance (Early New English Period) -This term was focused on the history of the language.
-Revival of classical genres which influence and dominated the further course. Edmund Spenser,
Sir Philip Sidney,
William Shakespare.
18th century
(1700-1745) Augustan Age Classical literature and literary theory were adapted to suit contemporary culture. Alexander Pope
First half of 19th century
(1785-1830) Romanticism This period marks the beginning of a new period in traditional English literary history. William Wordsworth
Second half of 19th century
(1832-1901) Victorian Age During the period of Queen Victoria’s reign. Charles Dickens,
George Eliot,
Robert Browning,
Alfred,
Lord Tennyson
First to Second World War
(1914-1945) Modernism Indirectly deals with Nazi crimes and nuclear destruction of modernism.
Narrative techniques with multiple perspectives, interwoven strands of plot, experiment in typography characterize this era. G.M. Hopkins,
H.G. Wells, James Joyce, D.H. Lawrence,
T.s. Eliot
(1945 onward) Postmodern This period were overshadowed by Women’s and ‘Minority’ Literature.
Literature is written by marginalized group including women, gay or ethnic minorities, etc. Ted Hughes,
Doris Lessing,
John Fowles,
Don DeLillo, A.S. Byatt.
REFERENCES:
1. Klarer, Mario. (1998). An Introduction to Literary. London. Roudledge.
Periods of English Literature ( Muh. Alif 0809327)
British Literature through Time
In large context Periods of English Literature can be divided to eight periods:
British Literature through Time
1. Anglo-Saxon/ Old English
2. Medieval/Middle English Period
3. Renaissance
4. Neoclassical/Restoration
5. Romantic
6. Victorian
7. Modern/Post-Modern
8. Contemporary
Old English/Anglo-Saxon Period
Years: 449-1066
Content:
strong belief in fate
juxtaposition of church and pagan worlds
admiration of heroic warriors who prevail in battle
express religious faith and give moral instruction through literature
Style/Genres:
oral tradition of literature
poetry dominant genre
unique verse form
• caesura
• alliteration
• repetition
• 4 beat rhythm
Effect:
Christianity helps literacy to spread
introduces Roman alphabet to Britain
oral tradition helps unite diverse peoples and their myths
Historical Context:
life centered around ancestral tribes or clans that ruled themselves
at first the people were warriors from invading outlying areas: Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Danes
later they were agricultural
Key Literature/Authors:
Beowulf
Bede
Exeter Book
Middle English Period
(The Medieval Period)
Years: 1066-1485
Content:
plays that instruct the illiterate masses in morals and religioun
chivalric code of honor
> romances
religious devotion
Style/Genres:
oral tradition continues
folk ballads
mystery and miracle plays
morality plays
stock epithets
kennings
> frame stories
> moral tales
Effect:
church instructs its people through the morality and miracle plays
an illiterate population is able to hear and see the literature
Historical Context:
Crusades bring the development of a money economy for the first time in Britain
trading increases dramatically as a result of the Crusades
William the Conqueror crowned king in 1066
Henry III crowned king in 1154 brings a judicial system, royal courts, juries, and chivalry to Britain
Key Literature/Authors:
Domesday Book
L’Morte de Arthur
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Renaissance
Years: 1485-1660
Content:
world view shifts from religion and after life to one stressing the human life on earth
popular theme: development of human potential
popular theme: many aspects of love explored
unrequited love
constant love
timeless love
courtly love
love subject to change
Style/Genres:
poetry
o sonnet
drama
o written in verse
o supported by royalty
o tragedies, comedies, histories
metaphysical poetry
o elaborate and unexpected metaphors called conceits
Effect:
• commoners welcomed at some play productions (like ones at the Globe) while conservatives try to close the theaters on grounds that they promote brazen behaviors
• not all middle-class embrace the metaphysical poets and their abstract conceits
Historical Context:
War of Roses ends in 1485 and political stability arrives
Printing press helps stabilize English as a language and allows more people to read a variety of literature
Economy changes from farm-based to one of international trade
Key Literature/Authors:
* William Shakespeare
* John Donne
*Cavalier Poets
* Metaphysical Poets
* Christopher Marlowe
* Andrew Marvell
Neoclassical Period
(The Restoration)
Years: 1660-1798
Content:
emphasis on reason and logic
stresses harmony, stability, wisdom
Locke: a social contract exists between the government and the people. The government governs guaranteeing “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property
Style/Genres:
satire: uses irony and exaggeration to poke fun at human faults and foolishness in order to
correct human behavior
poetry
essays
letters, diaries, biographies
novels
Effect:
* emphasis on the individual
* belief that man is basically evil
* approach to life: “the world as it should be”
Historical Context:
50% of the men are functionally literate (a dramatic rise)
Fenced enclosures of land cause demise of traditional village life
Factories begin to spring up as industrial revolution begins
Impoverished masses begin to grow as farming life declines and factories build
Coffee houses—where educated men spend evenings with literary and political associates
Key Literature/Authors:
*Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, John Bunyan,
Romanticism
Years: 1798 – 1832
Content:
*human knowledge consists of impressions and ideas formed in the individual’s mind
* introduction of gothic elements and terror/horror stories and novels
* in nature one can find comfort and peace that the man-made urbanized towns and factory environments cannot offer
Style/Genres:
*poetry
* lyrical ballads
Effects:
* evil attributed to society not to human nature
* human beings are basically good
* movement of protest: a desire for personal freedom
* children seen as hapless victims of poverty and exploitation
Historical Context:
* Napoleon rises to power in France and opposes England militarily and economically
* gas lamps developed
* Tory philosophy that government should NOT interfere with private enterprise
* middle class gains representation in the British parliament
* Railroads begin to run
Key Literature/Authors:
* Novelists: Jane Austen, Mary Shelley
* Poets: Robert Burns, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats,
Victorian Period
Years: 1832-1900
Content:
* conflict between those in power and the common masses of laborers and the poor
*shocking life of sweatshops and urban poor is highlighted in literature to insist on reform
* country versus city life
* sexual discretion (or lack of it)
* strained coincidences
* romantic triangles
* heroines in physical danger
* aristocratic villains
* misdirected letters
* bigamous marriages
Genres/Styles:
*novel becomes popular for first time; mass produced for the first time
*bildungsroman: “coming of age”
* political novels
* detective novels: (Sherlock Holmes)
* serialized novels
* elegies
* poetry: easier to understand
*dramatic monologues
* drama: comedies of manners
* magazines offer stories to the masses
Effect:
* literature begins to reach the masses
Historical Context:
* paper becomes cheap; magazines and novels cheap to mass produce
* unprecedented growth of industry and business in Britain
* unparalleled dominance of nations, economies and trade abroad
Key Literature/Authors:
* Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy , Rudyard Kipling, Robert Louis Stevenson,
George Eliot, Oscar Wilde, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Darwin, Charlotte Bronte, Robert Browning
Modern/Post Modern Period of Literature
Years: 1900-1980
Content:
*lonely individual fighting to find peace and comfort in a world that has lost its absolute values and traditions
* man is nothing except what he makes of himself
* a belief in situational ethics—no absolute values. Decisions are based on the situation one is involved in at the moment
*mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader
* loss of the hero in literature
* destruction made possible by technology
Genres/Styles:
* poetry: free verse
* epiphanies begin to appear in literature
* speeches
* memoir
* novels
stream of consciousness
detached, unemotional, humorless
present tense
magic realism
Effect:
*an approach to life: “Seize life for the moment and get all you can out of it.”
Historical Context:
*British Empire loses 1 million soldiers to World War I
* Winston Churchill leads Britain through WW II, and the Germans bomb England directly
* British colonies demand independence
Key Literature/Authors:
James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, D.H. Lawrence, Graham Greene, Dylan Thomas, Nadine Gordimer, George Orwell, William Butler Yeats, Bernard Shaw
Contemporary Period of Literature
(Post Modern Period Continued)
1980-Present
Content:
* concern with connections between people
* exploring interpretations of the past
* open-mindedness and courage that comes from being an outsider
* escaping those ways of living that blind and dull the human spirit
Genres/Styles:
* all genres represented
* fictional confessional/diaries
50% of contemporary fiction is written in the first person
*narratives: both fiction and nonfiction
*emotion-provoking
*humorous irony
*storytelling emphasized
*autobiographical essays
* mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader
Effect:
* too soon to tell
Historical Context:
* a world growing smaller due to ease of communications between societies
* a world launching a new beginning of a century and a millennium
* media culture interprets values and events for individuals
Key Literature/Authors:
Seamus Heaney, Doris Lessing, Louis de Bernieres, Kazuo Ishiguro, Tom Stoppard, Salman Rushdie. John Le Carre, Ken Follett
Refference :
http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_victorian.htm
In large context Periods of English Literature can be divided to eight periods:
British Literature through Time
1. Anglo-Saxon/ Old English
2. Medieval/Middle English Period
3. Renaissance
4. Neoclassical/Restoration
5. Romantic
6. Victorian
7. Modern/Post-Modern
8. Contemporary
Old English/Anglo-Saxon Period
Years: 449-1066
Content:
strong belief in fate
juxtaposition of church and pagan worlds
admiration of heroic warriors who prevail in battle
express religious faith and give moral instruction through literature
Style/Genres:
oral tradition of literature
poetry dominant genre
unique verse form
• caesura
• alliteration
• repetition
• 4 beat rhythm
Effect:
Christianity helps literacy to spread
introduces Roman alphabet to Britain
oral tradition helps unite diverse peoples and their myths
Historical Context:
life centered around ancestral tribes or clans that ruled themselves
at first the people were warriors from invading outlying areas: Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Danes
later they were agricultural
Key Literature/Authors:
Beowulf
Bede
Exeter Book
Middle English Period
(The Medieval Period)
Years: 1066-1485
Content:
plays that instruct the illiterate masses in morals and religioun
chivalric code of honor
> romances
religious devotion
Style/Genres:
oral tradition continues
folk ballads
mystery and miracle plays
morality plays
stock epithets
kennings
> frame stories
> moral tales
Effect:
church instructs its people through the morality and miracle plays
an illiterate population is able to hear and see the literature
Historical Context:
Crusades bring the development of a money economy for the first time in Britain
trading increases dramatically as a result of the Crusades
William the Conqueror crowned king in 1066
Henry III crowned king in 1154 brings a judicial system, royal courts, juries, and chivalry to Britain
Key Literature/Authors:
Domesday Book
L’Morte de Arthur
Geoffrey Chaucer
The Renaissance
Years: 1485-1660
Content:
world view shifts from religion and after life to one stressing the human life on earth
popular theme: development of human potential
popular theme: many aspects of love explored
unrequited love
constant love
timeless love
courtly love
love subject to change
Style/Genres:
poetry
o sonnet
drama
o written in verse
o supported by royalty
o tragedies, comedies, histories
metaphysical poetry
o elaborate and unexpected metaphors called conceits
Effect:
• commoners welcomed at some play productions (like ones at the Globe) while conservatives try to close the theaters on grounds that they promote brazen behaviors
• not all middle-class embrace the metaphysical poets and their abstract conceits
Historical Context:
War of Roses ends in 1485 and political stability arrives
Printing press helps stabilize English as a language and allows more people to read a variety of literature
Economy changes from farm-based to one of international trade
Key Literature/Authors:
* William Shakespeare
* John Donne
*Cavalier Poets
* Metaphysical Poets
* Christopher Marlowe
* Andrew Marvell
Neoclassical Period
(The Restoration)
Years: 1660-1798
Content:
emphasis on reason and logic
stresses harmony, stability, wisdom
Locke: a social contract exists between the government and the people. The government governs guaranteeing “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property
Style/Genres:
satire: uses irony and exaggeration to poke fun at human faults and foolishness in order to
correct human behavior
poetry
essays
letters, diaries, biographies
novels
Effect:
* emphasis on the individual
* belief that man is basically evil
* approach to life: “the world as it should be”
Historical Context:
50% of the men are functionally literate (a dramatic rise)
Fenced enclosures of land cause demise of traditional village life
Factories begin to spring up as industrial revolution begins
Impoverished masses begin to grow as farming life declines and factories build
Coffee houses—where educated men spend evenings with literary and political associates
Key Literature/Authors:
*Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, John Bunyan,
Romanticism
Years: 1798 – 1832
Content:
*human knowledge consists of impressions and ideas formed in the individual’s mind
* introduction of gothic elements and terror/horror stories and novels
* in nature one can find comfort and peace that the man-made urbanized towns and factory environments cannot offer
Style/Genres:
*poetry
* lyrical ballads
Effects:
* evil attributed to society not to human nature
* human beings are basically good
* movement of protest: a desire for personal freedom
* children seen as hapless victims of poverty and exploitation
Historical Context:
* Napoleon rises to power in France and opposes England militarily and economically
* gas lamps developed
* Tory philosophy that government should NOT interfere with private enterprise
* middle class gains representation in the British parliament
* Railroads begin to run
Key Literature/Authors:
* Novelists: Jane Austen, Mary Shelley
* Poets: Robert Burns, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats,
Victorian Period
Years: 1832-1900
Content:
* conflict between those in power and the common masses of laborers and the poor
*shocking life of sweatshops and urban poor is highlighted in literature to insist on reform
* country versus city life
* sexual discretion (or lack of it)
* strained coincidences
* romantic triangles
* heroines in physical danger
* aristocratic villains
* misdirected letters
* bigamous marriages
Genres/Styles:
*novel becomes popular for first time; mass produced for the first time
*bildungsroman: “coming of age”
* political novels
* detective novels: (Sherlock Holmes)
* serialized novels
* elegies
* poetry: easier to understand
*dramatic monologues
* drama: comedies of manners
* magazines offer stories to the masses
Effect:
* literature begins to reach the masses
Historical Context:
* paper becomes cheap; magazines and novels cheap to mass produce
* unprecedented growth of industry and business in Britain
* unparalleled dominance of nations, economies and trade abroad
Key Literature/Authors:
* Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy , Rudyard Kipling, Robert Louis Stevenson,
George Eliot, Oscar Wilde, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Darwin, Charlotte Bronte, Robert Browning
Modern/Post Modern Period of Literature
Years: 1900-1980
Content:
*lonely individual fighting to find peace and comfort in a world that has lost its absolute values and traditions
* man is nothing except what he makes of himself
* a belief in situational ethics—no absolute values. Decisions are based on the situation one is involved in at the moment
*mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader
* loss of the hero in literature
* destruction made possible by technology
Genres/Styles:
* poetry: free verse
* epiphanies begin to appear in literature
* speeches
* memoir
* novels
stream of consciousness
detached, unemotional, humorless
present tense
magic realism
Effect:
*an approach to life: “Seize life for the moment and get all you can out of it.”
Historical Context:
*British Empire loses 1 million soldiers to World War I
* Winston Churchill leads Britain through WW II, and the Germans bomb England directly
* British colonies demand independence
Key Literature/Authors:
James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, D.H. Lawrence, Graham Greene, Dylan Thomas, Nadine Gordimer, George Orwell, William Butler Yeats, Bernard Shaw
Contemporary Period of Literature
(Post Modern Period Continued)
1980-Present
Content:
* concern with connections between people
* exploring interpretations of the past
* open-mindedness and courage that comes from being an outsider
* escaping those ways of living that blind and dull the human spirit
Genres/Styles:
* all genres represented
* fictional confessional/diaries
50% of contemporary fiction is written in the first person
*narratives: both fiction and nonfiction
*emotion-provoking
*humorous irony
*storytelling emphasized
*autobiographical essays
* mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader
Effect:
* too soon to tell
Historical Context:
* a world growing smaller due to ease of communications between societies
* a world launching a new beginning of a century and a millennium
* media culture interprets values and events for individuals
Key Literature/Authors:
Seamus Heaney, Doris Lessing, Louis de Bernieres, Kazuo Ishiguro, Tom Stoppard, Salman Rushdie. John Le Carre, Ken Follett
Refference :
http://www.studyguide.org/brit_lit_timeline_victorian.htm
Periods of English Literature
By Yuli Rachmawati
0807347
Dik 3B
Historians have divided English literature into periods:
450-1066 : Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period
The very first written works, written in old English. In the early English, it couldn’t be much found, because the oral tradition was very strong culture and most literary works were written to be performed. During this period (more or less 600 years), these works include genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others. Epic poems were very popular, for example, Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in Britain and poem Cædmon's Hymn from the 7th century that becomes one of the greatest works of literature in English.
From the content, much Old English verse is the adaptation of the earlier Germanic war poems. Mostly, they were gotten from one generation to another orally. Even without their crudest lines, the Old English war poems still smell of blood feuds.
1066-1500 : Middle English Period
The literature in this period tended to secular literature. It consisted of religious writings, for example Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the anonymous Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, and themes Malory’s Morte d’Arthur, etc.
1500-1660 : The Renaissance
Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature, which began in Italy during the 15th century and spread around Europe through the 17th century. Examples of the writings of this time are the works of William Shakespeare, who has been fundamental in the spread of Renaissance ideas.
This period is divided into four periods of time;
•1558-1603 : Elizabethan Age
In this period lyric, poetry, drama, and prose were the styles of literature. Some great writers are William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, etc.
•1603-1625 : Jacobean Age
Literature became sophisticated and conscious of social abuse. Drama and prose were many. The great writers were Shakespeare, Francis Bacoon, etc.
•1625-1649 : Caroline Age
In this period it was produced a circle of poets (cavalier Poets).
•1649-1660 : Commonwealth Period (or Puritan Interregnum)
In this period it was produced the political writings by John Militon, Thomas Hobbes, etc
1660-1785 : The Neoclassical Period
The Neoclassical Period is divided into 3 periods, they are;
•1660-1700 : The Restoration
The greatest poetic form of this era was satire. Generally, this satire was publicized anonymously, because there were great dangers if someone was known publicizing it. While, prose in this period tended to Christian religious writing. But not only it, this period also began with fiction and journalism. This period was also the time of John Locke, who wrote some philosophical writings.
In this period, then drama became popular quickly. The most famous plays in this time are the unsentimental or "hard" comedies of John Dryden, William Wycherley, and George Etherege, which reflect the atmosphere at Court.
•1700-1745 : The Augustan Age (or Age of Pope)
The literature of this period tended to be about political. It is an age of scandal and outrage. The greatest poet of this age is Alexander Poe, James Thomson (Melancholy the Season), Edward Young (Night Thoughts). The style of this age was also mock-heroic. Pope’s Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad were the greatest mock-heroic poems. In prose, it developed English essay, it also means novel. In drama, it was famous about tragedy and comedy. Then, opera began to be popular.
•1745-1785 : The Age of Sensibility (or Age of Johnson)
During this period, literature is the age of enlightment (age of reason). In this age, a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political and economic issues developed. It was inspired by the previous century such as, Newton, John Locke, and Descartes.
1785-1830 : The Romantic Period
Romanticism firstly appeared in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe. It is a complex artistic literary. Written works in this period emphasized their style to the strong emotion and irrationality. It was also used lots of symbolism. These points became the source of aesthetic. The famous writers in this period are Sir Walter Scott (Waverley etc.), William Wordsworth (The Prelude etc.), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (The Rime of the Ancient Mariner etc.), etc.
1832-1901 : The Victorian Period
Victorian literature is the literature that is produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) and it also corresponds to the Victorian era. In this period, novel became the most popular and liked by public. It is often regarded that the 19th century as the high point of British literature. The example of the great Victorian novelists and poets are Thomas Carlyle (Sartor Resartus), Robert Browning (Men and Women etc.), Lewis Carroll (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), etc.
The Victorian Period is also divided into:
•1848-1860 : The Pre-Raphaelites
•1880-1901 : Aestheticism and Decadence
1901-1914 : The Edwardian Period
Some of the written works in this period tended to social issues, based on the condition at that time, for example H.G Wells who attached injustice and selfishness. The best writers in this period who wrote fiction are John Galsworthy, H.G Wells, Arnold Bennet, etc. besides, public in this period liked novels and short stories.
1910-1936 : The Georgian Period
In this period, literature was influenced by two different civilizations, medieval eastern orthodox Christianity and the civilization of Persia. The greatest of this period was the epic poem by Shota Rustaveli, The Man in the Panther’s Skin. Georgian poetry tended to focus on rural subject and it was also traditional in technique and form.
1914-1945 : The Modern Period
The authors in this age have experimented with matter, style, and form. It also has produced achievements in all literary genres. The example of the poets: Yeats, T.S Eliot, Novelist: James Joyce, Virginia Wolf, Dramatists: Noel Coward and Samuel Becket. In addition, we can find some great writers in this period, they are Joseph Conrad (Heart of Darkness), Rudyard Kipling (The Jungle Book), W. B. Yeats (The Tower etc.), T.S. Eliot (The Wasteland), etc.
1945-present : Postmodern Period
This period is the continuation of modern period, at once against the enlightment ideas in that period. In this period literary writings are varied and crowded. Postmodernist writers are often inspired by early novels and story, for example, 1001 Arabian Nights. The style of this period is playful, parody, fragmentary and tends to reality. The example of the writers in this period is Kurt Vonnegut (Slaughterhouse 5 etc.), John Barth (Welcome to the Madhouse), Thomas Pynchon (Gravity's Rainbow etc.), etc.
References :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_literature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_literature
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080720191753AAD9pig
http://sairam-english-literature.blogspot.com/2009/04/periods-of-english-literature.html
http://www.google.co.id/gwt/x?ct=np&ei=yNLESu3cOZSljgS3__T1DA&source=m&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org?wiki/Postmodern_literature7whp=32267&wsc=da&wsi+f14a340dc6d4081
http://www.google.co.id/gwt/x?ct=np&ei=AsvESqaKMoK2qwPV8YnnAw&source=m&u=http%3A%2F%2Fenglisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
By Yuli Rachmawati
0807347
Dik 3B
Historians have divided English literature into periods:
450-1066 : Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period
The very first written works, written in old English. In the early English, it couldn’t be much found, because the oral tradition was very strong culture and most literary works were written to be performed. During this period (more or less 600 years), these works include genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others. Epic poems were very popular, for example, Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in Britain and poem Cædmon's Hymn from the 7th century that becomes one of the greatest works of literature in English.
From the content, much Old English verse is the adaptation of the earlier Germanic war poems. Mostly, they were gotten from one generation to another orally. Even without their crudest lines, the Old English war poems still smell of blood feuds.
1066-1500 : Middle English Period
The literature in this period tended to secular literature. It consisted of religious writings, for example Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the anonymous Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, and themes Malory’s Morte d’Arthur, etc.
1500-1660 : The Renaissance
Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature, which began in Italy during the 15th century and spread around Europe through the 17th century. Examples of the writings of this time are the works of William Shakespeare, who has been fundamental in the spread of Renaissance ideas.
This period is divided into four periods of time;
•1558-1603 : Elizabethan Age
In this period lyric, poetry, drama, and prose were the styles of literature. Some great writers are William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, etc.
•1603-1625 : Jacobean Age
Literature became sophisticated and conscious of social abuse. Drama and prose were many. The great writers were Shakespeare, Francis Bacoon, etc.
•1625-1649 : Caroline Age
In this period it was produced a circle of poets (cavalier Poets).
•1649-1660 : Commonwealth Period (or Puritan Interregnum)
In this period it was produced the political writings by John Militon, Thomas Hobbes, etc
1660-1785 : The Neoclassical Period
The Neoclassical Period is divided into 3 periods, they are;
•1660-1700 : The Restoration
The greatest poetic form of this era was satire. Generally, this satire was publicized anonymously, because there were great dangers if someone was known publicizing it. While, prose in this period tended to Christian religious writing. But not only it, this period also began with fiction and journalism. This period was also the time of John Locke, who wrote some philosophical writings.
In this period, then drama became popular quickly. The most famous plays in this time are the unsentimental or "hard" comedies of John Dryden, William Wycherley, and George Etherege, which reflect the atmosphere at Court.
•1700-1745 : The Augustan Age (or Age of Pope)
The literature of this period tended to be about political. It is an age of scandal and outrage. The greatest poet of this age is Alexander Poe, James Thomson (Melancholy the Season), Edward Young (Night Thoughts). The style of this age was also mock-heroic. Pope’s Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad were the greatest mock-heroic poems. In prose, it developed English essay, it also means novel. In drama, it was famous about tragedy and comedy. Then, opera began to be popular.
•1745-1785 : The Age of Sensibility (or Age of Johnson)
During this period, literature is the age of enlightment (age of reason). In this age, a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political and economic issues developed. It was inspired by the previous century such as, Newton, John Locke, and Descartes.
1785-1830 : The Romantic Period
Romanticism firstly appeared in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe. It is a complex artistic literary. Written works in this period emphasized their style to the strong emotion and irrationality. It was also used lots of symbolism. These points became the source of aesthetic. The famous writers in this period are Sir Walter Scott (Waverley etc.), William Wordsworth (The Prelude etc.), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (The Rime of the Ancient Mariner etc.), etc.
1832-1901 : The Victorian Period
Victorian literature is the literature that is produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) and it also corresponds to the Victorian era. In this period, novel became the most popular and liked by public. It is often regarded that the 19th century as the high point of British literature. The example of the great Victorian novelists and poets are Thomas Carlyle (Sartor Resartus), Robert Browning (Men and Women etc.), Lewis Carroll (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), etc.
The Victorian Period is also divided into:
•1848-1860 : The Pre-Raphaelites
•1880-1901 : Aestheticism and Decadence
1901-1914 : The Edwardian Period
Some of the written works in this period tended to social issues, based on the condition at that time, for example H.G Wells who attached injustice and selfishness. The best writers in this period who wrote fiction are John Galsworthy, H.G Wells, Arnold Bennet, etc. besides, public in this period liked novels and short stories.
1910-1936 : The Georgian Period
In this period, literature was influenced by two different civilizations, medieval eastern orthodox Christianity and the civilization of Persia. The greatest of this period was the epic poem by Shota Rustaveli, The Man in the Panther’s Skin. Georgian poetry tended to focus on rural subject and it was also traditional in technique and form.
1914-1945 : The Modern Period
The authors in this age have experimented with matter, style, and form. It also has produced achievements in all literary genres. The example of the poets: Yeats, T.S Eliot, Novelist: James Joyce, Virginia Wolf, Dramatists: Noel Coward and Samuel Becket. In addition, we can find some great writers in this period, they are Joseph Conrad (Heart of Darkness), Rudyard Kipling (The Jungle Book), W. B. Yeats (The Tower etc.), T.S. Eliot (The Wasteland), etc.
1945-present : Postmodern Period
This period is the continuation of modern period, at once against the enlightment ideas in that period. In this period literary writings are varied and crowded. Postmodernist writers are often inspired by early novels and story, for example, 1001 Arabian Nights. The style of this period is playful, parody, fragmentary and tends to reality. The example of the writers in this period is Kurt Vonnegut (Slaughterhouse 5 etc.), John Barth (Welcome to the Madhouse), Thomas Pynchon (Gravity's Rainbow etc.), etc.
References :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_literature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_literature
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080720191753AAD9pig
http://sairam-english-literature.blogspot.com/2009/04/periods-of-english-literature.html
http://www.google.co.id/gwt/x?ct=np&ei=yNLESu3cOZSljgS3__T1DA&source=m&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org?wiki/Postmodern_literature7whp=32267&wsc=da&wsi+f14a340dc6d4081
http://www.google.co.id/gwt/x?ct=np&ei=AsvESqaKMoK2qwPV8YnnAw&source=m&u=http%3A%2F%2Fenglisharticles.info/free-reading-articles/literature/literary-periods-of-english-liter.html
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